{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310039782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235950","title":"Rainfall Forecast Using Machine Learning with High Spatiotemporal Satellite Imagery Every 10 Minutes","display_name":"Rainfall Forecast Using Machine Learning with High Spatiotemporal Satellite Imagery Every 10 Minutes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310039782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235950","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5950/pdf?version=1669358887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5950/pdf?version=1669358887","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059786930","display_name":"Febryanto Simanjuntak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-2308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802461946","display_name":"Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043xhrz72","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802461946"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Febryanto Simanjuntak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malikussaleh Meteorological Station, The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Bandara Malikussaleh, Muara Batu, Aceh Utara 24355, Indonesia","The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I No. 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat 10720, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malikussaleh Meteorological Station, The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Bandara Malikussaleh, Muara Batu, Aceh Utara 24355, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802461946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I No. 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat 10720, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802461946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058010668","display_name":"Ilham Jamaluddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilham Jamaluddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067783827","display_name":"Tang-Huang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-3196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tang-Huang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008621451","display_name":"Hary Aprianto Wijaya Siahaan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802461946","display_name":"Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043xhrz72","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802461946"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hary Aprianto Wijaya Siahaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Domine Eduard Osok Meteorological Station, The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Klabala, West Sorong, Sorong City 98411, Indonesia","The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I No. 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat 10720, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Domine Eduard Osok Meteorological Station, The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Klabala, West Sorong, Sorong City 98411, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802461946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I No. 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat 10720, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802461946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113756445","display_name":"Ying-Nong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Nong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067783827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4297,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88601982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"5950","last_page":"5950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6891495585441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrometeorology","display_name":"Hydrometeorology","score":0.6327897310256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6054856181144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5064915418624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49660664796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4255383312702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10865762829780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10499361157417297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6891495585441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100725284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045317","display_name":"Hydrometeorology","level":3,"score":0.6327897310256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6054856181144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5064915418624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49660664796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4255383312702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10865762829780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10499361157417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235950","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5950/pdf?version=1669358887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a64fe5406d454d8093df65a3d6d75ea5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a64fe5406d454d8093df65a3d6d75ea5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 5950 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/5950/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5950","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235950","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5950/pdf?version=1669358887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310039782.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310039782.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1132038451","https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1507575355","https://openalex.org/W1561529887","https://openalex.org/W1562806497","https://openalex.org/W1975478259","https://openalex.org/W1989839776","https://openalex.org/W1993196883","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W1995989131","https://openalex.org/W2009608165","https://openalex.org/W2055308682","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2064784699","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2077992157","https://openalex.org/W2078652529","https://openalex.org/W2082001988","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2109582738","https://openalex.org/W2110547259","https://openalex.org/W2128900470","https://openalex.org/W2132065420","https://openalex.org/W2141616423","https://openalex.org/W2142854301","https://openalex.org/W2152175008","https://openalex.org/W2172609192","https://openalex.org/W2173742917","https://openalex.org/W2177044256","https://openalex.org/W2187515694","https://openalex.org/W2269631561","https://openalex.org/W2289048602","https://openalex.org/W2318032549","https://openalex.org/W2345254164","https://openalex.org/W2560840182","https://openalex.org/W2595609330","https://openalex.org/W2624781867","https://openalex.org/W2681241615","https://openalex.org/W2791600692","https://openalex.org/W2791629014","https://openalex.org/W2800819102","https://openalex.org/W2801609184","https://openalex.org/W2889226858","https://openalex.org/W2898791292","https://openalex.org/W2900338781","https://openalex.org/W2901541779","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2980629285","https://openalex.org/W3084364076","https://openalex.org/W3117004861","https://openalex.org/W3119024425","https://openalex.org/W3133083188","https://openalex.org/W4230777928","https://openalex.org/W4235977439","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6699635926","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6739687412","https://openalex.org/W6788516944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2131938703","https://openalex.org/W1968333292","https://openalex.org/W3107931054","https://openalex.org/W2898980309","https://openalex.org/W3198741782","https://openalex.org/W4210985622","https://openalex.org/W2908205146","https://openalex.org/W2354666346","https://openalex.org/W2899463842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"the":[1,37,40,46,59,72,89,120,126,131,137,143,149,159,166,189,194,202],"accuracy":[2],"of":[3,39,65,165,172,180],"rainfall":[4,60,75,90,150,167],"forecasts":[5,31],"is":[6,116],"crucial":[7],"as":[8,130,158],"an":[9],"effort":[10],"to":[11,34,57,87,118,147,188],"prevent":[12],"hydrometeorological":[13],"disasters.":[14],"Weather":[15],"changes":[16],"that":[17,193],"can":[18],"occur":[19],"suddenly":[20],"and":[21,28,52,68,80,98,133,151,175,182],"in":[22,92,161],"a":[23,62],"local":[24],"scope":[25],"make":[26],"fast":[27],"precise":[29],"weather":[30,42,203],"increasingly":[32],"difficult":[33],"inform.":[35],"Additionally,":[36],"results":[38,164],"numerical":[41],"model":[43],"used":[44,142],"by":[45,124],"Indonesia":[47],"Agency":[48],"for":[49,74,205],"Meteorology,":[50],"Climatology,":[51],"Geophysics":[53],"are":[54],"only":[55],"able":[56],"predict":[58,119],"with":[61,77],"temporal":[63,81],"resolution":[64,95],"1\u20133":[66],"h":[67],"cannot":[69],"yet":[70],"address":[71],"need":[73],"information":[76,204],"high":[78,93],"spatial":[79],"resolution.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"this":[84],"study":[85,196],"aims":[86],"provide":[88,201],"forecast":[91,168],"spatiotemporal":[94],"using":[96,125],"Himawari-8":[97,128],"GPM":[99,155],"IMERG":[100,156],"(Global":[101],"Precipitation":[102],"Measurement:":[103],"The":[104,109,163],"Integrated":[105],"Multi-satellite":[106],"Retrievals)":[107],"data.":[108,135],"multivariate":[110],"LSTM":[111],"(long":[112],"short-term":[113],"memory)":[114],"forecasting":[115],"employed":[117],"cloud":[121],"brightness":[122],"temperature":[123],"selected":[127],"bands":[129],"input":[132,160],"training":[134],"For":[136],"rain":[138],"rate":[139],"regression,":[140],"we":[141],"random":[144],"forest":[145],"technique":[146],"identify":[148],"non-rainfall":[152],"pixels":[153],"from":[154],"data":[157],"advance.":[162],"showed":[169],"low":[170],"values":[171],"mean":[173,177],"error":[174,179],"root":[176],"square":[178],"0.71":[181],"1.54":[183],"mm/3":[184],"h,":[185],"respectively,":[186],"compared":[187],"observation":[190],"data,":[191],"indicating":[192],"proposed":[195],"may":[197],"help":[198],"meteorological":[199],"stations":[200],"aviation":[206],"purposes.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-11-30T00:00:00"}