{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310037025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235947","title":"Implementing Sentinel-2 Data and Machine Learning to Detect Plant Stress in Olive Groves","display_name":"Implementing Sentinel-2 Data and Machine Learning to Detect Plant Stress in Olive Groves","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310037025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5947/pdf?version=1669286914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5947/pdf?version=1669286914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017981482","display_name":"Ioannis Navrozidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-5422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Navrozidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040821431","display_name":"Thomas Alexandridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1893-6301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Alexandridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047144831","display_name":"Dimitrios Moshou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-5307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Moshou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017946343","display_name":"Anne Haugommard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170138621","display_name":"Atos (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2wb33","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170138621"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Haugommard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atos Origin Integration SAS (ATOS ORIGIN), Quai Voltaire 80 River Ouest, 95870 Bezons, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atos Origin Integration SAS (ATOS ORIGIN), Quai Voltaire 80 River Ouest, 95870 Bezons, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170138621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040007506","display_name":"Anastasia L. Lagopodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-8033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Lagopodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Phytopathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Phytopathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040821431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91299304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"5947","last_page":"5947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5944650173187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5516685247421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4890387952327728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.47537174820899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.45121055841445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4426558017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4278196692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.38864341378211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3822813034057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27862006425857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19350892305374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11983466148376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08683198690414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07946208119392395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5944650173187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5516685247421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4890387952327728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.47537174820899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.45121055841445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4426558017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4278196692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.38864341378211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3822813034057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27862006425857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19350892305374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11983466148376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08683198690414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07946208119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5947/pdf?version=1669286914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71eae54c6fb749e0970686871b8675f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71eae54c6fb749e0970686871b8675f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 5947 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/5947/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5947","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5947/pdf?version=1669286914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3996282778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"777549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310037025.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310037025.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104714895","https://openalex.org/W1640080484","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W2000613913","https://openalex.org/W2025438990","https://openalex.org/W2025967407","https://openalex.org/W2032477387","https://openalex.org/W2054438649","https://openalex.org/W2056352756","https://openalex.org/W2090357755","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2273708466","https://openalex.org/W2296492884","https://openalex.org/W2561146901","https://openalex.org/W2731271873","https://openalex.org/W2782434496","https://openalex.org/W2793014036","https://openalex.org/W2793162339","https://openalex.org/W2796345147","https://openalex.org/W2901617010","https://openalex.org/W2978935415","https://openalex.org/W2981549322","https://openalex.org/W2999565224","https://openalex.org/W3013580370","https://openalex.org/W3016113123","https://openalex.org/W3029149175","https://openalex.org/W3032338640","https://openalex.org/W3089439994","https://openalex.org/W3210741146","https://openalex.org/W4213293762","https://openalex.org/W4232118355","https://openalex.org/W4233565155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2374055396","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W2021817983","https://openalex.org/W2104382484","https://openalex.org/W3008559849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Olives":[0],"are":[1,20],"an":[2],"essential":[3],"crop":[4,263],"for":[5,65,111,124,214],"Greece":[6],"and":[7,12,17,51,117,204,221,228,251],"constitute":[8],"a":[9,97,185,245],"major":[10],"economic":[11],"agricultural":[13],"factor.":[14],"Diseases,":[15],"pests,":[16],"environmental":[18],"conditions":[19],"all":[21,133],"factors":[22],"that":[23,131,167],"can":[24,37,239],"deteriorate":[25],"the":[26,85,121,137,142,153,158,164,192,195,215,219,231,253,259],"health":[27],"status":[28],"of":[29,49,145,194,255,261],"olive":[30,67,93],"crops":[31],"by":[32,101,242],"causing":[33],"plant":[34,90],"stress.":[35],"Researchers":[36],"utilize":[38],"remote":[39],"sensing":[40],"to":[41,61,79,88,105,156,172,190,247],"assist":[42],"their":[43,249],"actions":[44],"in":[45,69,92,152,184,212,258],"detecting":[46],"these":[47],"sources":[48],"stress":[50,91,112,148,196],"act":[52],"accordingly.":[53],"In":[54,95],"this":[55,237],"experiment,":[56],"Sentinel-2":[57],"data":[58],"were":[59,77,224],"used":[60,151,183,241],"create":[62],"vegetation":[63],"indices":[64],"commercial":[66],"fields":[68],"Halkidiki,":[70],"Northern":[71],"Greece.":[72],"Twelve":[73],"machine":[74],"learning":[75],"algorithms":[76],"tested":[78,134],"determine":[80,106,191],"which":[81,118],"type":[82],"would":[83,175],"be":[84,240],"most":[86],"efficient":[87,256],"detect":[89],"trees.":[94],"parallel,":[96],"test":[98],"was":[99,161,182,209],"conducted":[100],"testing":[102],"26":[103],"thresholds":[104,110,170],"how":[107],"setting":[108,168],"different":[109],"incidence":[113,149],"affects":[114],"model":[115,160,181,208],"performance":[116,144],"threshold":[119,150],"constitutes":[120],"best":[122,143],"choice":[123],"more":[125,210],"accurate":[126,211,226],"classification.":[127],"The":[128,147,179,206],"results":[129,165],"show":[130],"among":[132],"classification":[135,188],"algorithms,":[136],"quadratic":[138],"discriminant":[139],"analysis":[140],"provided":[141],"0.99.":[146],"current":[154],"case":[155],"generate":[157],"best-performing":[159,180],"6%,":[162],"but":[163],"suggest":[166],"customized":[169],"relevant":[171],"specific":[173],"cases":[174],"provide":[176],"optimal":[177],"results.":[178],"one-vs.-rest":[186],"multiclass":[187,207],"task":[189],"source":[193],"between":[197],"four":[198],"possible":[199],"classes:":[200],"\u201chealthy\u201d,":[201],"\u201cverticillium\u201d,":[202],"\u201cspilocaea\u201d,":[203],"\u201cunidentified\u201d.":[205],"detection":[213],"\u201chealthy\u201d":[216],"class":[217],"(0.99);":[218],"\u201cverticillium\u201d":[220],"\u201cunidentified\u201d":[222],"classes":[223],"less":[225],"(0.76);":[227],"\u201cspilocaea\u201d":[229],"had":[230],"lowest":[232],"score":[233],"(0.72).":[234],"Findings":[235],"from":[236],"research":[238],"experts":[243],"as":[244],"service":[246],"enhance":[248],"decision-making":[250],"support":[252],"application":[254],"strategies":[257],"field":[260],"precision":[262],"protection.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-11-30T00:00:00"}