{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309849240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235918","title":"Evaluation of the Use of UAV-Derived Vegetation Indices and Environmental Variables for Grapevine Water Status Monitoring Based on Machine Learning Algorithms and SHAP Analysis","display_name":"Evaluation of the Use of UAV-Derived Vegetation Indices and Environmental Variables for Grapevine Water Status Monitoring Based on Machine Learning Algorithms and SHAP Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309849240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5918/pdf?version=1669196136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5918/pdf?version=1669196136","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057725377","display_name":"Hsiang-En Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1919-4864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-En Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067023252","display_name":"Miles Grafton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-874X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miles Grafton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110640204","display_name":"Mike Bretherton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Bretherton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004030640","display_name":"Matthew Irwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-4993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Irwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061877671","display_name":"Eduardo Sandoval","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Sandoval","raw_affiliation_strings":["AgriFood Digital Lab, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AgriFood Digital Lab, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067023252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.5726,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92289721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"5918","last_page":"5918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6899322867393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6734597682952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5778087377548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4781825840473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.4428946375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.42915064096450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38761064410209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33723723888397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.32902297377586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3079225420951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2741051912307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23415175080299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13878276944160461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6899322867393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6734597682952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5778087377548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4781825840473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4428946375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.42915064096450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38761064410209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33723723888397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.32902297377586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3079225420951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2741051912307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23415175080299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13878276944160461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5918/pdf?version=1669196136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b07dbb17d7ad458d9fba7fc37960309a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b07dbb17d7ad458d9fba7fc37960309a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 5918 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/5918/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5918","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5918/pdf?version=1669196136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320816","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309849240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309849240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56916129","https://openalex.org/W111000165","https://openalex.org/W149503909","https://openalex.org/W166728858","https://openalex.org/W1489092462","https://openalex.org/W1809090389","https://openalex.org/W1824582958","https://openalex.org/W1920908187","https://openalex.org/W1963836745","https://openalex.org/W1964903133","https://openalex.org/W1966527728","https://openalex.org/W1969234587","https://openalex.org/W1974597288","https://openalex.org/W1976288972","https://openalex.org/W1983822075","https://openalex.org/W1989844834","https://openalex.org/W1996663292","https://openalex.org/W1998842586","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2001519102","https://openalex.org/W2002320280","https://openalex.org/W2004925029","https://openalex.org/W2007615617","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2013097943","https://openalex.org/W2022706537","https://openalex.org/W2022900594","https://openalex.org/W2026327389","https://openalex.org/W2036925375","https://openalex.org/W2062982970","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2067598980","https://openalex.org/W2077707413","https://openalex.org/W2096996101","https://openalex.org/W2099412595","https://openalex.org/W2106505873","https://openalex.org/W2109006150","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2113283209","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2124200526","https://openalex.org/W2125165897","https://openalex.org/W2125397877","https://openalex.org/W2128199995","https://openalex.org/W2133410848","https://openalex.org/W2135003647","https://openalex.org/W2139034598","https://openalex.org/W2140843106","https://openalex.org/W2148693616","https://openalex.org/W2158683657","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2162046317","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2163450852","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2207642946","https://openalex.org/W2222155483","https://openalex.org/W2284176469","https://openalex.org/W2330071013","https://openalex.org/W2419664011","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2590031223","https://openalex.org/W2606434245","https://openalex.org/W2611570064","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2625965862","https://openalex.org/W2754367764","https://openalex.org/W2762605864","https://openalex.org/W2766295554","https://openalex.org/W2770016646","https://openalex.org/W2790861445","https://openalex.org/W2801563890","https://openalex.org/W2901992052","https://openalex.org/W2938719000","https://openalex.org/W2966543809","https://openalex.org/W2983827128","https://openalex.org/W2990378819","https://openalex.org/W2996717402","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3006300699","https://openalex.org/W3010807909","https://openalex.org/W3011356552","https://openalex.org/W3019576236","https://openalex.org/W3035353528","https://openalex.org/W3037511073","https://openalex.org/W3047166761","https://openalex.org/W3095073588","https://openalex.org/W3125447506","https://openalex.org/W3159390029","https://openalex.org/W3165535194","https://openalex.org/W3170722552","https://openalex.org/W3204795983","https://openalex.org/W4224246655","https://openalex.org/W4255502896","https://openalex.org/W6604595210","https://openalex.org/W6688922588","https://openalex.org/W6736681463","https://openalex.org/W6769353775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W3157073418","https://openalex.org/W2021642829","https://openalex.org/W2058127401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"and":[1,14,67,79,92,102,125,133,145,162,180,208,233,252,302],"management":[2],"of":[3,23,55,60,69,86,100,127,192,216,260,274],"grapevine":[4],"water":[5,137],"status":[6],"(GWS)":[7],"over":[8],"the":[9,36,53,70,84,96,128,175,186,193,217,248,261,271,286],"critical":[10],"period":[11],"between":[12,177,250],"flowering":[13],"veraison":[15],"plays":[16],"a":[17,47,142,148],"significant":[18],"role":[19],"in":[20,98],"producing":[21],"grapes":[22],"premium":[24],"quality.":[25,305],"Although":[26],"unmanned":[27],"aerial":[28],"vehicles":[29],"(UAVs)":[30],"can":[31],"provide":[32,93],"efficient":[33],"mapping":[34,284],"across":[35],"entire":[37],"vineyard,":[38],"most":[39],"commercial":[40],"UAV-based":[41],"multispectral":[42,90],"sensors":[43],"do":[44],"not":[45],"contain":[46],"shortwave":[48],"infrared":[49],"band,":[50],"which":[51,68],"makes":[52],"monitoring":[54,272],"GWS":[56,87,109,151,265,283],"problematic.":[57],"The":[58,182,242],"goal":[59],"this":[61],"study":[62,256],"is":[63],"to":[64,108,173,203,225,293,298],"explore":[65],"whether":[66],"ancillary":[71,213,240],"variables":[72,179],"(vegetation":[73],"characteristics,":[74],"temporal":[75],"trends,":[76],"weather":[77,123],"conditions,":[78],"soil/terrain":[80],"data)":[81],"may":[82,290],"improve":[83,294],"accuracy":[85],"estimation":[88,266],"using":[89,152],"UAV":[91],"insights":[94],"into":[95],"contribution,":[97],"terms":[99],"direction":[101],"intensity,":[103],"for":[104,150,263,276],"each":[105],"variable":[106],"contributing":[107],"variation.":[110],"UAV-derived":[111],"vegetation":[112],"indices,":[113],"slope,":[114,231],"elevation,":[115,230],"apparent":[116],"electrical":[117],"conductivity":[118],"(ECa),":[119],"weekly":[120],"or":[121],"daily":[122,234],"parameters,":[124],"day":[126],"year":[129],"(DOY)":[130],"were":[131,210,237],"tested":[132],"regressed":[134],"against":[135],"stem":[136],"potential":[138],"(\u03a8stem),":[139],"measured":[140],"by":[141],"pressure":[143],"bomb,":[144],"used":[146,172],"as":[147,212,239,278,280],"proxy":[149],"three":[153],"machine":[154],"learning":[155],"algorithms":[156],"(elastic":[157],"net,":[158],"random":[159],"forest":[160],"regression,":[161],"support":[163,243],"vector":[164,244],"regression).":[165],"Shapley":[166],"Additive":[167],"exPlanations":[168],"(SHAP)":[169],"analysis":[170],"was":[171],"assess":[174],"relationship":[176,249],"selected":[178,253],"\u03a8stem.":[181],"results":[183],"indicate":[184],"that":[185,268],"root":[187],"mean":[188],"square":[189],"error":[190],"(RMSE)":[191],"transformed":[194],"chlorophyll":[195],"absorption":[196],"reflectance":[197],"index-based":[198,220],"model":[199,221],"improved":[200,222],"from":[201,223],"213":[202],"146":[204],"kPa":[205,227],"when":[206,228],"DOY":[207],"elevation":[209],"included":[211,238],"inputs.":[214,241],"RMSE":[215],"excess":[218],"green":[219],"221":[224],"138":[226],"DOY,":[229],"ECa,":[232],"average":[235],"windspeed":[236],"regression":[245],"best":[246],"described":[247],"\u03a8stem":[251],"predictors.":[254],"This":[255,289],"has":[257],"provided":[258],"proof":[259],"concept":[262],"developing":[264],"models":[267],"potentially":[269],"enhance":[270],"capacities":[273],"UAVs":[275],"GWS,":[277],"well":[279],"providing":[281],"individual":[282],"at":[285],"vineyard":[287],"scale.":[288],"enable":[291],"growers":[292],"irrigation":[295],"management,":[296],"leading":[297],"controlled":[299],"vegetative":[300],"growth":[301],"optimized":[303],"berry":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-11-29T00:00:00"}
