{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309736359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225863","title":"Classification of Radar Targets with Micro-Motion Based on RCS Sequences Encoding and Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Classification of Radar Targets with Micro-Motion Based on RCS Sequences Encoding and Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309736359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225863","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5863/pdf?version=1669187521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5863/pdf?version=1669187521","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033116182","display_name":"Xuguang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-657X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China","Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113732232","display_name":"Cunqian Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunqian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China","Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042440941","display_name":"Lixun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-1957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China","Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033116182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":10.1922,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97484598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5863","last_page":"5863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7883548736572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6863287687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6037110090255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5974296927452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5813696980476379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5497156977653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.471794068813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33402085304260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07762885093688965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7883548736572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6863287687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6037110090255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5974296927452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5813696980476379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5497156977653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.471794068813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33402085304260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07762885093688965}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225863","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5863/pdf?version=1669187521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfea0bdf69e147e59fc097d0e74c3082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfea0bdf69e147e59fc097d0e74c3082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5863 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5863/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5863","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225863","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5863/pdf?version=1669187521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309736359.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309736359.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975595060","https://openalex.org/W2054721366","https://openalex.org/W2110646474","https://openalex.org/W2192671704","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2534871514","https://openalex.org/W2550347528","https://openalex.org/W2806424599","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2885450193","https://openalex.org/W2891657227","https://openalex.org/W2896408289","https://openalex.org/W2905748938","https://openalex.org/W2922230884","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2957484200","https://openalex.org/W2989431519","https://openalex.org/W3016124832","https://openalex.org/W3030949666","https://openalex.org/W3036746092","https://openalex.org/W3044070975","https://openalex.org/W3045510691","https://openalex.org/W3080948526","https://openalex.org/W3081770448","https://openalex.org/W3091105572","https://openalex.org/W3095618168","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3133693965","https://openalex.org/W3136467379","https://openalex.org/W3162595154","https://openalex.org/W3169422999","https://openalex.org/W3176585657","https://openalex.org/W3189332131","https://openalex.org/W3195836789","https://openalex.org/W3198099606","https://openalex.org/W3202448881","https://openalex.org/W3209308485","https://openalex.org/W4200092826","https://openalex.org/W4205590048","https://openalex.org/W4210702177","https://openalex.org/W4211090899","https://openalex.org/W4214717600","https://openalex.org/W4225660138","https://openalex.org/W4283791586","https://openalex.org/W4289656492","https://openalex.org/W6785182428","https://openalex.org/W6791434627","https://openalex.org/W6801824706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2165907643","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W2022672394","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W3168129058","https://openalex.org/W3094505422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar":[0],"cross":[1],"section":[2],"(RCS)":[3],"sequences,":[4],"an":[5],"easy-to-obtain":[6],"target":[7,19,23,54,137],"feature":[8,120],"with":[9,151],"small":[10],"data":[11],"volume,":[12],"play":[13],"a":[14,51,111],"significant":[15],"role":[16],"in":[17],"radar":[18,22],"classification.":[20],"However,":[21],"classification":[24,55,154],"based":[25,57],"on":[26,58],"RCS":[27,59,88,119],"sequences":[28,60,89],"has":[29],"the":[30,43,70,123,133,136,144,152],"shortcomings":[31,44],"of":[32,45,73,95,135],"limited":[33],"information":[34],"and":[35,62,79,106],"low":[36],"recognition":[37],"accuracy.":[38,155],"In":[39],"order":[40],"to":[41,116],"overcome":[42],"RCS-based":[46],"methods,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"spatial":[52,74],"micro-motion":[53,71],"method":[56],"encoding":[61,87,141],"convolutional":[63],"neural":[64],"network":[65,146],"(CNN).":[66],"First,":[67],"we":[68,82],"establish":[69],"models":[72],"targets,":[75],"including":[76],"precession,":[77],"swing":[78],"rolling.":[80],"Second,":[81],"introduce":[83],"three":[84,93,140],"approaches":[85],"for":[86],"as":[90],"images.":[91],"These":[92],"types":[94],"images":[96],"are":[97],"Gramian":[98],"angular":[99],"field":[100,104],"(GAF),":[101],"Markov":[102],"transition":[103],"(MTF)":[105],"recurrence":[107],"plot":[108],"(RP).":[109],"Third,":[110],"multi-scale":[112],"CNN":[113],"is":[114,129],"developed":[115],"classify":[117],"those":[118,139],"maps.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"experimental":[124],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"RP":[128],"best":[130],"at":[131],"reflecting":[132],"characteristics":[134],"among":[138],"methods.":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"proposed":[145],"outperforms":[147],"other":[148],"existing":[149],"networks":[150],"highest":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2022-11-29T00:00:00"}
