{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309717437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225836","title":"Investigation of Forest Fire Characteristics in North Korea Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS","display_name":"Investigation of Forest Fire Characteristics in North Korea Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309717437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225836","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5836/pdf?version=1669089297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5836/pdf?version=1669089297","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079229049","display_name":"Ri Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-2624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1793135","display_name":"Yanbian University","ror":"https://ror.org/039xnh269","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1793135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ri Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Hunchun 133300, China","Northeast Asian Research Center of Transboundary Disaster Risk and Ecological Security, Yanbian University, Hunchun 133300, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Hunchun 133300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1793135"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Research Center of Transboundary Disaster Risk and Ecological Security, Yanbian University, Hunchun 133300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1793135"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043105004","display_name":"Kyoo-Seock Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-7298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyoo-Seock Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043105004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86576241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5836","last_page":"5836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14009","display_name":"Ecology and Conservation Studies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13751","display_name":"Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6553969383239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.6336857080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landform","display_name":"Landform","score":0.5636692643165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.539746880531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5019204616546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4762190282344818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.4436013698577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3639700412750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.162220299243927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6553969383239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.6336857080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108497213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271669","display_name":"Landform","level":2,"score":0.5636692643165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.539746880531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5019204616546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4762190282344818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.4436013698577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3639700412750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.162220299243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225836","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5836/pdf?version=1669089297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18ba08e66c5e453e949b444a7e8ebbd5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18ba08e66c5e453e949b444a7e8ebbd5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5836 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5836/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5836","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225836","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5836/pdf?version=1669089297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.75,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3632133927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41807508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309717437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309717437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55713562","https://openalex.org/W830730009","https://openalex.org/W931238208","https://openalex.org/W1413645801","https://openalex.org/W1616351272","https://openalex.org/W1812669593","https://openalex.org/W1966216634","https://openalex.org/W1992246388","https://openalex.org/W2004649949","https://openalex.org/W2014185085","https://openalex.org/W2064348969","https://openalex.org/W2108064960","https://openalex.org/W2109631166","https://openalex.org/W2132294441","https://openalex.org/W2143423912","https://openalex.org/W2149650508","https://openalex.org/W2398081478","https://openalex.org/W2404953326","https://openalex.org/W2405165748","https://openalex.org/W2515508629","https://openalex.org/W2725711042","https://openalex.org/W2750652915","https://openalex.org/W2761601237","https://openalex.org/W2809771335","https://openalex.org/W3026041857","https://openalex.org/W6623268715","https://openalex.org/W6624577251","https://openalex.org/W6636670969","https://openalex.org/W6693698958","https://openalex.org/W6712527562","https://openalex.org/W6713694888","https://openalex.org/W6713821932","https://openalex.org/W6987261325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148155918","https://openalex.org/W2462682329","https://openalex.org/W3002065998","https://openalex.org/W2785841992","https://openalex.org/W4321493663","https://openalex.org/W4206741056","https://openalex.org/W2765506514","https://openalex.org/W3040595263","https://openalex.org/W1527642193","https://openalex.org/W1621772017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"fires":[1,19,53,167,217,227,263,290,293,333,344,371],"cause":[2,54],"damage":[3,29,56,288,383],"to":[4,25,30,57,67,107,139,146,177,287,305,321,372,380],"property":[5],"and":[6,36,48,100,141,155,171,196,205,267,291,300,361,367,384],"the":[7,10,58,77,129,191,201,207,233,240,306,310,325],"environment":[8],"around":[9],"world":[11],"every":[12,20],"year.":[13,21],"North":[14,51,81,91,112,160,375],"Korea":[15,376],"has":[16],"suffered":[17],"from":[18,128,137,190,289],"Fires":[22],"may":[23],"lead":[24],"temporary":[26],"or":[27,71,350],"permanent":[28],"forest":[31,280],"ecosystems,":[32],"long-term":[33],"site":[34],"degradation,":[35],"alteration":[37],"of":[38,76,80,165,215,238,279,364],"hydrological":[39],"regimes,":[40],"producing":[41],"detrimental":[42],"impacts":[43],"on":[44],"economies,":[45],"human":[46],"health,":[47],"safety.":[49],"In":[50,94,114,213,236,260,277],"Korea,":[52],"serious":[55,270],"affected":[59],"mountainous":[60],"environment.":[61],"However,":[62],"it":[63,319],"is":[64,303,354,377],"very":[65,342,378],"difficult":[66],"obtain":[68],"ground":[69],"information":[70],"perform":[72],"field":[73],"checks":[74],"because":[75],"political":[78],"isolation":[79],"Korea.":[82,113,161],"Thus,":[83],"there":[84,340],"are":[85,251],"few":[86,343],"studies":[87],"that":[88,356],"have":[89],"investigated":[90],"Korean":[92],"fires.":[93],"this":[95,115],"situation,":[96],"remote":[97],"sensing":[98],"techniques":[99],"digital":[101],"topographic":[102],"data":[103,127,143,189],"can":[104],"be":[105],"used":[106],"investigate":[108,178],"fire":[109,117,317,382],"characteristics":[110],"in":[111,150,159,168,218,228,255,258,271,274,297,345,358],"study,":[116],"trends":[118],"were":[119,144,203,210,220,230,268,284,341],"analyzed":[120,176],"using":[121,182],"Moderate":[122],"Resolution":[123],"Imaging":[124],"Spectroradiometer":[125],"(MODIS)":[126],"Land":[130],"Processes":[131],"Distributed":[132],"Active":[133],"Archive":[134],"Center":[135],"(LPDAAC)":[136],"2004":[138],"2015,":[140],"Landsat":[142],"processed":[145],"estimate":[147],"burned":[148],"areas":[149,181,243,283,296],"South":[151],"Hamgyong":[152],"Province":[153,157],"(SHP)":[154],"Gangwon":[156],"(GWP)":[158],"The":[162],"burn":[163],"severity":[164],"large":[166,179,241,262,292,332,370,381],"elevation,":[169],"slope,":[170],"landform":[172],"features":[173],"was":[174],"also":[175],"fire-burned":[180,242],"30-m-resolution":[183],"Global":[184],"Digital":[185],"Elevation":[186],"Model":[187],"(DEM)":[188],"United":[192],"States":[193],"National":[194],"Aeronautics":[195],"Space":[197],"Administration":[198],"(NASA).":[199],"After":[200],"results":[202],"compared":[204],"discussed,":[206],"following":[208],"conclusions":[209],"derived.":[211],"(1)":[212],"terms":[214,237,278],"location,":[216],"SHP":[219,256,272],"relatively":[221],"concentrated":[222],"along":[223,335],"BaekDu-DaeGan":[224],"(BDDG),":[225],"while":[226,339],"GWP":[229,299],"scattered":[231],"throughout":[232,324],"province.":[234],"(2)":[235],"size,":[239],"with":[244],"an":[245],"area":[246],"greater":[247],"than":[248,257,273,294],"1000":[249],"ha":[250],"significantly":[252],"more":[253,265,269,285],"frequent":[254],"GWP.":[259,275],"brief,":[261],"occurred":[264,334],"frequently":[266],"(3)":[276],"type,":[281],"coniferous":[282,311,326],"susceptible":[286,379],"deciduous":[295],"both":[298],"SHP.":[301],"This":[302],"attributed":[304],"combustible":[307],"resin":[308],"within":[309],"trees.":[312],"Particularly,":[313],"when":[314],"a":[315,362],"crown":[316],"occurs,":[318],"tends":[320],"spread":[322,373],"rapidly":[323],"forest.":[327],"(4)":[328],"Regarding":[329],"landforms,":[330],"most":[331],"windward-side":[336],"open":[337],"slopes,":[338],"shallow":[346],"valleys,":[347],"high":[348],"ridges,":[349],"U-shaped":[351],"valleys.":[352],"It":[353],"believed":[355],"cultivation":[357],"high-elevation":[359],"terrain":[360],"lack":[363],"fire-extinguishing":[365],"equipment":[366],"systems":[368],"allow":[369],"quickly.":[374],"must":[385],"develop":[386],"preparation":[387],"measures":[388],"against":[389],"such":[390],"situations.":[391]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2022-11-29T00:00:00"}