{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309455176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225817","title":"On the Co-Selection of Vision Transformer Features and Images for Very High-Resolution Image Scene Classification","display_name":"On the Co-Selection of Vision Transformer Features and Images for Very High-Resolution Image Scene Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309455176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5817/pdf?version=1668682429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5817/pdf?version=1668682429","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054236826","display_name":"Souleyman Chaib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-3128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149016","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04dj1dn66","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souleyman Chaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabRi Laboratory, Ecole Sup\u00e8rieure en Informatique, Sidi Bel Abb\u00e8s 22000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabRi Laboratory, Ecole Sup\u00e8rieure en Informatique, Sidi Bel Abb\u00e8s 22000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006772875","display_name":"Dou El Kefel Mansouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-4804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106700","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 IBN Khaldoun Tiaret","ror":"https://ror.org/018jjaw76","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106700"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dou El Kefel Mansouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret 14000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret 14000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040546817","display_name":"Ibrahim Omara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-990X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Omara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Machine Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom 32511, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom 32511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065505212","display_name":"Ahmed Hagag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-1846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Hagag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073792362","display_name":"Sahraoui Dhelim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sahraoui Dhelim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015966780","display_name":"Djamel Amar Bensaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149016","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04dj1dn66","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djamel Amar Bensaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabRi Laboratory, Ecole Sup\u00e8rieure en Informatique, Sidi Bel Abb\u00e8s 22000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabRi Laboratory, Ecole Sup\u00e8rieure en Informatique, Sidi Bel Abb\u00e8s 22000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073792362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84095712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5817","last_page":"5817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.791871964931488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7157198190689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5310177206993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5285904407501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49616512656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4781423807144165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.791871964931488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7157198190689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5310177206993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5285904407501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49616512656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4781423807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5817/pdf?version=1668682429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:841809038b314bd3a65263cf13f1c0c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/841809038b314bd3a65263cf13f1c0c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5817 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5817/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5817","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5817/pdf?version=1668682429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309455176.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309455176.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W258213556","https://openalex.org/W1544008493","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1969515697","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W1987394250","https://openalex.org/W2002281921","https://openalex.org/W2005368619","https://openalex.org/W2024106491","https://openalex.org/W2024815898","https://openalex.org/W2040648426","https://openalex.org/W2055662012","https://openalex.org/W2064125725","https://openalex.org/W2070452328","https://openalex.org/W2086866337","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2120782420","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2151039611","https://openalex.org/W2153425333","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2160886094","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2312674856","https://openalex.org/W2341018344","https://openalex.org/W2395048810","https://openalex.org/W2401507109","https://openalex.org/W2466055095","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2621526417","https://openalex.org/W2715220489","https://openalex.org/W2787070260","https://openalex.org/W2829067510","https://openalex.org/W2890732922","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W2944971001","https://openalex.org/W2947476638","https://openalex.org/W2970844248","https://openalex.org/W2987544319","https://openalex.org/W3004372116","https://openalex.org/W3006039757","https://openalex.org/W3047353057","https://openalex.org/W3103410140","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W3122458082","https://openalex.org/W3155804464","https://openalex.org/W4285505614","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6794346502","https://openalex.org/W6839761106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"developments":[1],"in":[2,26,40,59,99],"remote":[3,30],"sensing":[4],"technology":[5],"have":[6,36],"allowed":[7],"us":[8,193],"to":[9,61,111,127],"observe":[10],"the":[11,27,53,62,72,94,116,122,129,133,139,156,169,172,194,198,213,217,223,232,237,254],"Earth":[12],"with":[13,177],"very":[14],"high-resolution":[15],"(VHR)":[16],"images.":[17,135],"VHR":[18,89,118,247],"imagery":[19],"scene":[20,90],"classification":[21,173,238],"is":[22,86],"a":[23,82,100,182],"challenging":[24],"problem":[25],"field":[28],"of":[29,50,75,96,132,171,196,215],"sensing.":[31],"Vision":[32],"transformer":[33],"(ViT)":[34],"models":[35,108],"achieved":[37],"breakthrough":[38],"results":[39,251],"image":[41,77,119,157,188],"recognition":[42],"tasks.":[43],"However,":[44],"transformer\u2013encoder":[45,123],"layers":[46,124],"encode":[47],"different":[48],"levels":[49],"features,":[51],"where":[52,121],"latest":[54],"layer":[55],"represents":[56],"semantic":[57,73],"information,":[58],"contrast":[60],"earliest":[63],"layers,":[64],"which":[65,165],"contain":[66],"more":[67],"detailed":[68],"data":[69,145,219],"but":[70],"ignore":[71],"information":[74],"an":[76],"scene.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80,178,191],"paper,":[81],"new":[83,183],"deep":[84],"framework":[85],"proposed":[87,241,255],"for":[88,185],"understanding":[91],"by":[92,230],"exploring":[93],"strengths":[95],"ViT":[97,107,150],"features":[98,114,141,151,201,226],"simple":[101],"and":[102,163,187,202,227],"effective":[103],"way.":[104],"First,":[105],"pre-trained":[106],"are":[109,125,209],"used":[110,126],"extract":[112],"informative":[113,225],"from":[115],"original":[117],"scene,":[120],"generate":[128],"feature":[130],"descriptors":[131],"input":[134],"Second,":[136],"we":[137,180,221],"merged":[138],"obtained":[140],"as":[142,160,204,206],"one":[143],"signal":[144],"set.":[146],"Third,":[147],"some":[148],"extracted":[149],"do":[152],"not":[153],"describe":[154],"well":[155,205],"scenes,":[158],"such":[159],"agriculture,":[161],"meadows,":[162],"beaches,":[164],"could":[166],"negatively":[167],"affect":[168],"performance":[170],"model.":[174],"To":[175],"deal":[176],"challenge,":[179],"propose":[181],"algorithm":[184],"feature-":[186],"selection.":[189],"Indeed,":[190],"gives":[192],"possibility":[195],"eliminating":[197],"less":[199],"important":[200,228],"images,":[203],"those":[207],"that":[208,235,253],"abnormal;":[210],"based":[211],"on":[212,245],"similarity":[214],"preserving":[216],"whole":[218],"set,":[220],"selected":[222],"most":[224],"images":[229,234],"dropping":[231],"irrelevant":[233],"degraded":[236],"accuracy.":[239],"The":[240,249],"method":[242,256],"was":[243],"tested":[244],"three":[246],"benchmarks.":[248],"experimental":[250],"demonstrate":[252],"outperforms":[257],"other":[258],"state-of-the-art":[259],"methods.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-11-28T00:00:00"}