{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309269449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225795","title":"Global Dynamic Rainfall-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Global Dynamic Rainfall-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309269449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225795","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5795/pdf?version=1669186052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5795/pdf?version=1669186052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102004556","display_name":"Bohao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0602-2060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399935","display_name":"Kai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-7824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103265999","display_name":"Ming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5629-4314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110796344","display_name":"Qian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-830X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110045865","display_name":"Ziyu Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101434707","display_name":"Weihua Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1066-6105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055137672","display_name":"Ningning Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningning Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Ave., Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100399935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":14.9629,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99009334,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5795","last_page":"5795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide","display_name":"Landslide","score":0.8329683542251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.4698810875415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4680202901363373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.435067355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4122050106525421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3609398603439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.24798673391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.2148781418800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12479451298713684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.8329683542251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.4698810875415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4680202901363373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.435067355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4122050106525421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3609398603439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.24798673391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2148781418800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12479451298713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225795","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5795/pdf?version=1669186052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd366c17706943599aaa02f1892754e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd366c17706943599aaa02f1892754e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5795 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5795/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5795","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225795","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5795/pdf?version=1669186052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3500545245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309269449.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309269449.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W872839841","https://openalex.org/W1977882262","https://openalex.org/W1979486410","https://openalex.org/W1984065426","https://openalex.org/W1985245433","https://openalex.org/W1987226764","https://openalex.org/W2002139005","https://openalex.org/W2018612134","https://openalex.org/W2030537026","https://openalex.org/W2052611008","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2057388082","https://openalex.org/W2061940746","https://openalex.org/W2083811565","https://openalex.org/W2086371337","https://openalex.org/W2087016914","https://openalex.org/W2113746882","https://openalex.org/W2120630093","https://openalex.org/W2121279165","https://openalex.org/W2133505387","https://openalex.org/W2142355173","https://openalex.org/W2153656222","https://openalex.org/W2162196186","https://openalex.org/W2162649881","https://openalex.org/W2163713798","https://openalex.org/W2236234032","https://openalex.org/W2266000645","https://openalex.org/W2330219538","https://openalex.org/W2343905117","https://openalex.org/W2435653782","https://openalex.org/W2562319768","https://openalex.org/W2565656421","https://openalex.org/W2579180916","https://openalex.org/W2586530791","https://openalex.org/W2587598231","https://openalex.org/W2589782789","https://openalex.org/W2731040012","https://openalex.org/W2749324215","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2770617885","https://openalex.org/W2789262548","https://openalex.org/W2789555074","https://openalex.org/W2792546905","https://openalex.org/W2792576728","https://openalex.org/W2802176701","https://openalex.org/W2809487374","https://openalex.org/W2880239935","https://openalex.org/W2885442465","https://openalex.org/W2886636171","https://openalex.org/W2898311401","https://openalex.org/W2905650747","https://openalex.org/W2906593901","https://openalex.org/W2911084988","https://openalex.org/W2911424673","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912323688","https://openalex.org/W2913546149","https://openalex.org/W2913909587","https://openalex.org/W2954186886","https://openalex.org/W2978908408","https://openalex.org/W2981581709","https://openalex.org/W2982569617","https://openalex.org/W2984550275","https://openalex.org/W2993717253","https://openalex.org/W2995764138","https://openalex.org/W2999729702","https://openalex.org/W3004421885","https://openalex.org/W3005068726","https://openalex.org/W3008924545","https://openalex.org/W3015351360","https://openalex.org/W3032913569","https://openalex.org/W3036091573","https://openalex.org/W3048470057","https://openalex.org/W3084262500","https://openalex.org/W3126576009","https://openalex.org/W3144445321","https://openalex.org/W3144649737","https://openalex.org/W3156995693","https://openalex.org/W3160618888","https://openalex.org/W3167268177","https://openalex.org/W3169612565","https://openalex.org/W3189600281","https://openalex.org/W3194762287","https://openalex.org/W3209819482","https://openalex.org/W4200192350","https://openalex.org/W4205513197","https://openalex.org/W4206538949","https://openalex.org/W4210949798","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4214706252","https://openalex.org/W4255790530","https://openalex.org/W4283592988","https://openalex.org/W4296367211","https://openalex.org/W6734002179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389676928","https://openalex.org/W3169474304","https://openalex.org/W2369104181","https://openalex.org/W3201652628","https://openalex.org/W4212972401","https://openalex.org/W2389287188","https://openalex.org/W2737009688","https://openalex.org/W2616275900","https://openalex.org/W2389665785","https://openalex.org/W2622291647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precipitation":[0],"is":[1,13,58,100,138],"the":[2,70,133,139,144,149,162,169],"main":[3,71],"factor":[4],"that":[5,118],"triggers":[6],"landslides.":[7],"Rainfall-induced":[8],"landslide":[9,36,42,46,94,107,154,177],"susceptibility":[10,43,108,155,178],"mapping":[11],"(LSM)":[12],"crucial":[14],"for":[15,45,125,168],"disaster":[16,19],"prevention":[17],"and":[18,28,38,49,74,92,131,173],"losses":[20],"mitigation,":[21],"though":[22],"most":[23],"studies":[24],"are":[25],"temporally":[26],"ambiguous":[27],"on":[29,90,112],"a":[30,53,113,153],"regional":[31],"scale.":[32,115],"To":[33],"better":[34],"reveal":[35],"mechanisms":[37],"provide":[39],"more":[40],"accurate":[41,126],"maps":[44],"risk":[47],"assessment":[48],"hazard":[50],"prediction,":[51],"developing":[52],"global":[54,175],"dynamic":[55,85,91,98,104,176],"LSM":[56,87,127],"model":[57,164],"essential.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"study,":[62],"we":[63],"used":[64,101,167],"Google":[65],"Earth":[66],"Engine":[67],"(GEE)":[68],"as":[69],"data":[72],"platform":[73],"applied":[75],"three":[76],"tree-based":[77],"ensemble":[78],"machine":[79],"learning":[80],"algorithms":[81],"to":[82],"construct":[83],"global,":[84],"rainfall-induced":[86],"models":[88],"based":[89],"static":[93],"influencing":[95],"factors.":[96],"The":[97],"perspective":[99],"in":[102,106],"LSM:":[103],"changes":[105],"can":[109,165],"be":[110,166],"identified":[111],"daily":[114],"We":[116],"note":[117],"Random":[119],"Forest":[120],"algorithm":[121],"offers":[122],"robust":[123],"performance":[124],"(AUC":[128,141],"=":[129,142],"0.975)":[130],"although":[132],"classification":[134],"accuracy":[135],"of":[136,152,171],"LightGBM":[137],"highest":[140],"0.977),":[143],"results":[145],"do":[146],"not":[147],"meet":[148],"sufficient":[150],"conditions":[151],"map.":[156],"Combined":[157],"with":[158],"quantitative":[159],"precipitation":[160],"products,":[161],"proposed":[163],"release":[170],"historical":[172],"predictive":[174],"information.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-11-25T00:00:00"}