{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309210382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225748","title":"The Sentinel 2 MSI Spectral Mixing Space","display_name":"The Sentinel 2 MSI Spectral Mixing Space","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309210382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5748/pdf?version=1668413550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5748/pdf?version=1668413550","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025352897","display_name":"Christopher Small","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Small","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-7391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066696545","display_name":"Daniel Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-1955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025352897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6952,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85895265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5748","last_page":"5748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-signature","display_name":"Spectral signature","score":0.673907995223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.6549921035766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5011916160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.42962589859962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42271244525909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.41748809814453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.3753788471221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23635542392730713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.673907995223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.6549921035766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5011916160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.42962589859962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42271244525909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.41748809814453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.3753788471221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23635542392730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5748/pdf?version=1668413550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2543c574d73b4c17b987939317f5b0e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2543c574d73b4c17b987939317f5b0e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5748 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5748/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5748","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5748/pdf?version=1668413550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2157645773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-67019-36397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5624303128","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SitS: Improving Rice Cultivation by Observing Dynamic Soil Chemical Processes from Grain to Landscape Scales","funder_award_id":"2226649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7760019652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"67019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7764410954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-67019-36397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7786560035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH21ZDA001N-LCLUC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8280040595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH21ZDA001N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8548820266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC22K0907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309210382.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309210382.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W752816833","https://openalex.org/W1526740462","https://openalex.org/W1555549210","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2000648382","https://openalex.org/W2025761833","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2060384859","https://openalex.org/W2082290707","https://openalex.org/W2087683803","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2096026772","https://openalex.org/W2790246883","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2956919041","https://openalex.org/W2963081958","https://openalex.org/W2978540497","https://openalex.org/W3131557489","https://openalex.org/W4210437204","https://openalex.org/W4288420805","https://openalex.org/W4308703111","https://openalex.org/W6622257147","https://openalex.org/W6633261909","https://openalex.org/W6791143324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W2798328034","https://openalex.org/W2791078257","https://openalex.org/W2099703033","https://openalex.org/W2127934268","https://openalex.org/W2890371384","https://openalex.org/W2120480074","https://openalex.org/W2036412792","https://openalex.org/W2039721451","https://openalex.org/W2889956472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"composite":[1],"spectral":[2,10,30,35,43,98,103,136,150,159,183,217,300,307,318,361,367],"feature":[3,155,301],"space":[4,161,302,326,356],"is":[5,69,166,210,327],"used":[6],"to":[7,54,57,72,281,320],"characterize":[8],"the":[9,27,38,49,58,66,82,94,105,154,204,213,225,235,272,294,298,304,310,321,353,372],"mixing":[11,31,160,184,238,308,355,362],"properties":[12,368],"of":[13,24,29,65,77,81,85,96,120,130,149,162,171,215,231,257,266,293,313,324,340,352],"Sentinel":[14,59,273,278,315],"2":[15,60,274,279,316],"Multispectral":[16],"Instrument":[17],"(MSI)":[18],"spectra":[19,165,221,259,280],"over":[20],"a":[21,74,117,128,141,229,243],"wide":[22,75,118],"diversity":[23,137],"landscapes.":[25],"Characterizing":[26],"linearity":[28,214],"and":[32,51,89,114,146,191,285,289,303,334,344,349,364],"identifying":[33],"bounding":[34],"endmembers":[36,151,268],"allows":[37],"Substrate":[39],"Vegetation":[40],"Dark":[41],"(SVD)":[42,208,246],"mixture":[44,99,248],"model":[45,68,109,249],"previously":[46],"developed":[47],"for":[48,116,143,147,224,271],"Landsat":[50],"MODIS":[52],"sensors":[53],"be":[55,282],"extended":[56],"MSI":[61,275,317],"sensors.":[62],"The":[63,157,196],"utility":[64],"SVD":[67,108,226,267,354],"its":[70,216],"ability":[71],"represent":[73,255],"variety":[76,119],"landscapes":[78],"in":[79,173,212,371],"terms":[80],"areal":[83],"abundance":[84],"their":[86],"most":[87],"spectrally":[88],"physically":[90,106,181,359],"distinct":[91,182,366],"components.":[92],"Combining":[93],"benefits":[95],"location-specific":[97],"models":[100],"with":[101,169,260],"standardized":[102],"indices,":[104],"based":[107],"offers":[110],"simplicity,":[111],"consistency,":[112],"inclusivity":[113],"applicability":[115],"land":[121],"cover":[122],"mapping":[123],"applications.":[124],"In":[125,228,291],"this":[126,144,325],"study,":[127],"set":[129],"110":[131],"image":[132],"tiles":[133],"compiled":[134],"from":[135],"hotspots":[138],"worldwide":[139],"provide":[140],"basis":[142],"characterization,":[145],"identification":[148],"that":[152,254],"span":[153],"space.":[156,290],"resulting":[158],"these":[163],"13,000,000,000":[164],"effectively":[167],"3D,":[168],"99%":[170,256],"variance":[172],"3":[174,198,236,244],"low":[175],"order":[176],"principal":[177],"component":[178],"dimensions.":[179],"Four":[180],"continua":[185,199,239,363],"are":[186,222,269],"identified:":[187],"Snow:Firn:Ice,":[188],"Reef:Water,":[189],"Evaporite:Water":[190],"Substrate:Vegetation:Dark":[192,207],"(water":[193],"or":[194],"shadow).":[195],"first":[197],"exhibit":[200],"complex":[201],"nonlinearities,":[202],"but":[203],"geographically":[205,365],"dominant":[206],"continuum":[209],"conspicuous":[211],"mixing.":[218],"Bounding":[219],"endmember":[220,245,251],"identified":[223,270],"continuum.":[227],"subset":[230],"80":[232],"landscapes,":[233],"excluding":[234],"nonlinear":[237,345],"(reefs,":[240],"evaporites,":[241],"cryosphere),":[242],"linear":[247,341,373],"produces":[250],"fraction":[252],"estimates":[253],"modeled":[258],"&lt;6%":[261],"RMS":[262],"misfit.":[263],"Two":[264],"sets":[265],"sensors,":[276],"allowing":[277],"unmixed":[283],"globally":[284],"compared":[286],"across":[287],"time":[288],"light":[292],"apparent":[295],"disparity":[296],"between":[297],"11D":[299],"statistically":[305],"3D":[306],"space,":[309],"relative":[311],"contribution":[312],"11":[314],"bands":[319],"information":[322],"content":[323],"quantified":[328],"using":[329],"both":[330,358],"parametric":[331],"(Pearson":[332],"Correlation)":[333],"nonparametric":[335],"(Mutual":[336],"Information)":[337],"metrics.":[338],"Comparison":[339],"(principal":[342],"component)":[343],"(Uniform":[346],"Manifold":[347],"Approximation":[348],"Projection)":[350],"projections":[351],"reveal":[357],"interpretable":[360],"not":[369],"resolved":[370],"projection.":[374]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
