{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309002777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225742","title":"Individual Tree Segmentation from Side-View LiDAR Point Clouds of Street Trees Using Shadow-Cut","display_name":"Individual Tree Segmentation from Side-View LiDAR Point Clouds of Street Trees Using Shadow-Cut","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309002777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5742/pdf?version=1668940100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5742/pdf?version=1668940100","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009796143","display_name":"Zhouyang Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouyang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004345759","display_name":"Sheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015928480","display_name":"Yingan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-2272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015928480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6924,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64687655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5742","last_page":"5742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7867730855941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7632420659065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6807016134262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6244695782661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-spanning-tree-based-segmentation","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree-based segmentation","score":0.5782079100608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5710638165473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5579158663749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5028290152549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.45433101058006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45072460174560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.43747684359550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/region-growing","display_name":"Region growing","score":0.4369361996650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.4248379170894623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4048973321914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.3751901388168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3425266742706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26736465096473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.26048994064331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21475479006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14218783378601074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7867730855941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7632420659065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6807016134262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6244695782661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42314347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865488","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree-based segmentation","level":5,"score":0.5782079100608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5710638165473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5579158663749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5028290152549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45433101058006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45072460174560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.43747684359550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206824153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169834","display_name":"Region growing","level":5,"score":0.4369361996650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.4248379170894623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4048973321914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.3751901388168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3425266742706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26736465096473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.26048994064331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21475479006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14218783378601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5742/pdf?version=1668940100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98b9162e6b1843869b1c76e10d91dca6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98b9162e6b1843869b1c76e10d91dca6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5742 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5742/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5742","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5742/pdf?version=1668940100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1274220921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1679601610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030376154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2180327315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2427462704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3001856430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M661852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910829908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4897835636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6821437348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K202007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7001516894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752873037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M66","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8047451824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G875527256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M661852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G886692473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M661852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309002777.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309002777.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1436861582","https://openalex.org/W1496824059","https://openalex.org/W2035483282","https://openalex.org/W2043047386","https://openalex.org/W2065258204","https://openalex.org/W2076280802","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2088553126","https://openalex.org/W2096316422","https://openalex.org/W2101907415","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2133014538","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2541777388","https://openalex.org/W2617121149","https://openalex.org/W2756418563","https://openalex.org/W3022157892","https://openalex.org/W3038740996","https://openalex.org/W3086504807","https://openalex.org/W3117838964","https://openalex.org/W3123527111","https://openalex.org/W3170719335","https://openalex.org/W3175466115","https://openalex.org/W3187312773","https://openalex.org/W4200335954","https://openalex.org/W4205876118","https://openalex.org/W4224247055","https://openalex.org/W6661222865","https://openalex.org/W6797484490","https://openalex.org/W6799173593","https://openalex.org/W6806391056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394279717","https://openalex.org/W2551987074","https://openalex.org/W2359699469","https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2531745538","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W4281943322","https://openalex.org/W2353364291","https://openalex.org/W2368273968","https://openalex.org/W4391423722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Segmentation":[0],"of":[1,64,80,102,113,134,155,192,210,220,266],"vegetation":[2],"LiDAR":[3,26,50,52,82,208,263],"point":[4,27,83,106,126,137,184,264],"clouds":[5,84,138,265],"is":[6,68,85,143,149,251],"an":[7,91],"important":[8],"method":[9,95,206,226,238,250],"for":[10,24,38,47,257],"obtaining":[11],"individual":[12,18,74,92,157,182,193,223,258],"tree":[13,19,75,93,105,158,173,183,194,224,259],"structure":[14,79],"parameters.":[15],"The":[16,245],"current":[17],"segmentation":[20,76,94,168,225,260],"methods":[21],"are":[22,187],"mainly":[23],"airborne":[25],"clouds,":[28],"which":[29,232],"use":[30,41],"elevation":[31],"information":[32,59],"to":[33,71,98,139,170,235],"form":[34],"a":[35,69,252],"grid":[36],"map":[37],"segmentation,":[39],"or":[40],"canopy":[42],"vertices":[43],"as":[44],"seed":[45],"points":[46],"clustering.":[48],"Side-view":[49],"(vehicle":[51],"and":[53,145,214,218,230,242,254],"hand-held":[54],"LiDAR)":[55],"can":[56],"acquire":[57],"more":[58,86],"about":[60],"the":[61,73,78,100,103,111,114,117,131,135,140,146,150,153,156,161,166,172,176,179,190,197,204,215,221,236,262],"lower":[62],"layer":[63],"trees,":[65,213],"but":[66],"it":[67],"challenge":[70],"perform":[72],"because":[77],"side-view":[81],"complex.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"proposes":[90],"called":[96],"Shadow-cut":[97],"extract":[99,171],"contours":[101,186],"street":[104,212,267],"cloud.":[107],"Firstly,":[108],"we":[109],"separated":[110],"region":[112],"trees":[115],"using":[116,165],"binary":[118],"classifier":[119],"(e.g.,":[120],"support":[121],"vector":[122],"machine)":[123],"based":[124],"on":[125,207],"cloud":[127,185],"geometric":[128],"features.":[129],"Then,":[130],"optimal":[132,147],"projection":[133,148],"3D":[136,181],"2D":[141,177,198],"image":[142,159,167],"calculated":[144],"case":[151],"where":[152],"pixels":[154,191],"overlap":[160],"least.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"after":[164],"algorithm":[169],"edges":[174,195],"in":[175,196,261],"image,":[178],"corresponding":[180],"matched":[188],"with":[189,203],"image.":[199],"We":[200],"conducted":[201],"experiments":[202],"proposed":[205,222],"data":[209],"urban":[211],"correctness,":[216],"completeness,":[217],"quality":[219],"reached":[227],"91.67%,":[228],"85.33%,":[229],"79.19%,":[231],"were":[233],"superior":[234],"CHM-based":[237],"by":[239],"2.70%,":[240],"6.19%,":[241],"7.12%,":[243],"respectively.":[244],"results":[246],"show":[247],"that":[248],"this":[249],"practical":[253],"effective":[255],"solution":[256],"trees.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-11-20T00:00:00"}
