{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309035140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225727","title":"Rice and Greenhouse Identification in Plateau Areas Incorporating Sentinel-1/2 Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Data from Google Earth Engine","display_name":"Rice and Greenhouse Identification in Plateau Areas Incorporating Sentinel-1/2 Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Data from Google Earth Engine","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309035140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225727","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5727/pdf?version=1668249692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5727/pdf?version=1668249692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004933004","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5119-0279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088342796","display_name":"Bo\u2010Hui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1918-5346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Hui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017810904","display_name":"Liang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-759X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","Surveying and Mapping Geo-Informatics Technology Research Center on Plateau Mountains of Yunnan Higher Education, Kunming 650093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surveying and Mapping Geo-Informatics Technology Research Center on Plateau Mountains of Yunnan Higher Education, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055768644","display_name":"Guokun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guokun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088342796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5279,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82584839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5727","last_page":"5727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7316149473190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5459325909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5331366062164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.48487362265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.48447561264038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46533551812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.44693195819854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4459788501262665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4432949125766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.4141538143157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4049201011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2286415696144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19336029887199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14850857853889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13352230191230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09369176626205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08132171630859375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7316149473190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5459325909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5331366062164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.48487362265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.48447561264038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46533551812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.44693195819854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4459788501262665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4432949125766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4141538143157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4049201011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2286415696144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19336029887199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14850857853889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13352230191230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09369176626205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08132171630859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225727","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5727/pdf?version=1668249692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e038f8f7c544f268b571d98c01a7ba9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e038f8f7c544f268b571d98c01a7ba9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5727 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5727/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5727","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225727","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5727/pdf?version=1668249692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8838750373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202101AU070161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324302","funder_display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324302","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309035140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309035140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1998281138","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2068094410","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2085241781","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2109006150","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2164574849","https://openalex.org/W2335794719","https://openalex.org/W2465503420","https://openalex.org/W2489351887","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2730238284","https://openalex.org/W2767953525","https://openalex.org/W2782084880","https://openalex.org/W2802643674","https://openalex.org/W2807838091","https://openalex.org/W2885406917","https://openalex.org/W2890248767","https://openalex.org/W2898152330","https://openalex.org/W2907459272","https://openalex.org/W2917859805","https://openalex.org/W2920089766","https://openalex.org/W2943472941","https://openalex.org/W3008537971","https://openalex.org/W3014372673","https://openalex.org/W3028248982","https://openalex.org/W3087613434","https://openalex.org/W3088162569","https://openalex.org/W3088522164","https://openalex.org/W3104356922","https://openalex.org/W3106378566","https://openalex.org/W3127060672","https://openalex.org/W3150074313","https://openalex.org/W3171773404","https://openalex.org/W3179206166","https://openalex.org/W3181788155","https://openalex.org/W3182528942","https://openalex.org/W3191326136","https://openalex.org/W3198644317","https://openalex.org/W4205970347","https://openalex.org/W4206081687","https://openalex.org/W6754534910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975632186","https://openalex.org/W3027745756","https://openalex.org/W2531880140","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W3205213561","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W2380822794","https://openalex.org/W2201185841","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W3171520305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Affected":[0],"by":[1,18,139],"geographical":[2],"location":[3],"and":[4,31,100,124,143,152,204,208,215],"climatic":[5],"conditions,":[6],"crop":[7,28,54],"classification":[8,55,61,94,103,116,135,167,206],"in":[9,74,201],"the":[10,19,69,75,102,119,134,155,161,180,196,202,205],"Yunnan":[11],"Plateau":[12],"of":[13,23,68,105,163,183],"China":[14],"is":[15,84,137,157,199],"greatly":[16],"restricted":[17],"low":[20],"utilization":[21],"rate":[22],"annual":[24],"optical":[25,40,176],"data,":[26,112,154],"complex":[27],"planting":[29],"structure,":[30],"broken":[32],"cultivated":[33],"land.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"combines":[37],"monthly":[38],"Sentinel-2":[39,147,153],"remote":[41,88,110],"sensing":[42,89,111],"data":[43,47,90,142],"with":[44,108],"Sentinel-1":[45,141,151],"radar":[46],"to":[48,52,92,98,185,213],"minimize":[49],"cloud":[50],"interference":[51],"conduct":[53],"for":[56,86],"plateau":[57],"areas.":[58],"However,":[59],"pixel":[60],"will":[62,192],"inevitably":[63],"produce":[64],"a":[65,186],"\u201cdifferent":[66],"spectrum":[67],"same":[70,76],"object,":[71],"foreign":[72],"objects":[73],"spectrum\u201d.":[77],"A":[78],"principal":[79],"component":[80],"feature":[81,170,198],"synthesis":[82],"method":[83],"developed":[85],"multi-source":[87,109],"(PCA-MR)":[91],"improve":[93],"accuracy.":[95],"In":[96],"order":[97],"compare":[99],"analyze":[101],"effect":[104],"PCA-MR":[106,197],"combined":[107],"we":[113],"constructed":[114],"11":[115],"scenarios":[117],"using":[118,140,146],"Google":[120],"Earth":[121],"Engine":[122],"platform":[123],"random":[125],"forest":[126],"algorithm":[127],"(RF).":[128],"The":[129,190],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that:":[132],"(1)":[133],"accuracy":[136,156,182,207],"79.98%":[138],"91.18%":[144],"when":[145],"data.":[148],"When":[149],"integrating":[150],"92.31%.":[158],"By":[159],"analyzing":[160],"influence":[162],"texture":[164,177],"features":[165,178],"on":[166],"under":[168],"different":[169],"combinations,":[171],"it":[172],"was":[173],"found":[174],"that":[175],"affected":[179],"recognition":[181],"rice":[184],"lesser":[187],"extent.":[188],"(2)":[189],"errors":[191],"be":[193],"reduced":[194],"if":[195],"involved":[200],"classification,":[203],"Kappa":[209],"coefficient":[210],"are":[211],"improved":[212],"93.47%":[214],"0.92,":[216],"respectively.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}