{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309012745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225726","title":"The Long-Term Trends and Interannual Variability in Surface Ozone Levels in Beijing from 1995 to 2020","display_name":"The Long-Term Trends and Interannual Variability in Surface Ozone Levels in Beijing from 1995 to 2020","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309012745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225726","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5726/pdf?version=1668748575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5726/pdf?version=1668748575","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109360576","display_name":"Jin Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035203056","display_name":"Wuke Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wuke Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-Geological Hazards, Wuhan 430074, China","Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (KLME), Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-Geological Hazards, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (KLME), Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112541075","display_name":"Zhixuan Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixuan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020006732","display_name":"Jianchun Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-5834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianchun Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074984765","display_name":"Mengchu Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-5953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengchu Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054025391","display_name":"Paul Konopka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5915-830X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Konopka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 Julich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 Julich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066019026","display_name":"Felix Ploeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3427-6991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Ploeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 Julich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 Julich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029243561","display_name":"Rolf M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 Julich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 Julich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666461","display_name":"Hongyue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0643-3053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100753716","display_name":"Jinqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3879-112X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046896588","display_name":"Shuyun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-2045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-Geological Hazards, Wuhan 430074, China","Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-Geological Hazards, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077072862","display_name":"Jintao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-3923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035203056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7546,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68342305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"5726","last_page":"5726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.8328382968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.80864417552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone","display_name":"Ozone","score":0.7723761200904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5965160131454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5928770303726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropospheric-ozone","display_name":"Tropospheric ozone","score":0.527146577835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.43387746810913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12656402587890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.09728816151618958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.8328382968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.80864417552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.7723761200904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5965160131454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5928770303726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776349674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298060","display_name":"Tropospheric ozone","level":3,"score":0.527146577835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.43387746810913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12656402587890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.09728816151618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225726","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5726/pdf?version=1668748575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41ced76af52343bd8e063d2369ea6dbf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41ced76af52343bd8e063d2369ea6dbf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 5726 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/22/5726/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 5726","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14225726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225726","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5726/pdf?version=1668748575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3324660788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5159942412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KLME202003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6275062119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6293495532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KLME202003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335942","funder_display_name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335942","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309012745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309012745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904230536","https://openalex.org/W1943880065","https://openalex.org/W1954931161","https://openalex.org/W1962884938","https://openalex.org/W1964430175","https://openalex.org/W1973825971","https://openalex.org/W1978432790","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2014918277","https://openalex.org/W2041040655","https://openalex.org/W2048937392","https://openalex.org/W2073551067","https://openalex.org/W2075393694","https://openalex.org/W2079217415","https://openalex.org/W2103798415","https://openalex.org/W2104948191","https://openalex.org/W2112109002","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2124854884","https://openalex.org/W2135232668","https://openalex.org/W2148999460","https://openalex.org/W2167954479","https://openalex.org/W2170202293","https://openalex.org/W2180424560","https://openalex.org/W2304410378","https://openalex.org/W2392068980","https://openalex.org/W2412056931","https://openalex.org/W2507842187","https://openalex.org/W2532505215","https://openalex.org/W2607830915","https://openalex.org/W2753804305","https://openalex.org/W2779788985","https://openalex.org/W2791659709","https://openalex.org/W2800203331","https://openalex.org/W2803010032","https://openalex.org/W2884846562","https://openalex.org/W2908510209","https://openalex.org/W2946808229","https://openalex.org/W2954477734","https://openalex.org/W2971578437","https://openalex.org/W2995367207","https://openalex.org/W2998885490","https://openalex.org/W3005149078","https://openalex.org/W3005693346","https://openalex.org/W3012247233","https://openalex.org/W3013886998","https://openalex.org/W3014091201","https://openalex.org/W3091850311","https://openalex.org/W3112923102","https://openalex.org/W3135158015","https://openalex.org/W3182130434","https://openalex.org/W3185731183","https://openalex.org/W3194131981","https://openalex.org/W4220777181","https://openalex.org/W4234854059","https://openalex.org/W7037125498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3012609934","https://openalex.org/W1541888978","https://openalex.org/W2162401353","https://openalex.org/W2169244993","https://openalex.org/W1631447361","https://openalex.org/W3215751698","https://openalex.org/W1972624251","https://openalex.org/W4221049866","https://openalex.org/W2094307529","https://openalex.org/W1617030681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tropospheric":[0],"ozone":[1,24,31,61,73,94,134,142,175,192,197,218],"is":[2,15,103,189],"an":[3,10,113],"important":[4,129],"atmospheric":[5],"pollutant":[6],"as":[7,9,55,57],"well":[8,56],"efficient":[11],"greenhouse":[12],"gas.":[13],"Beijing":[14,33,76,79,96,145,221],"one":[16],"of":[17,29,43,71,173],"the":[18,21,41,44,58,90,118,132,171,174,203,206],"cities":[19],"with":[20,112,191,222,231],"most":[22],"serious":[23],"pollution.":[25],"However,":[26],"long-term":[27,101],"date":[28],"observed":[30],"in":[32,78,92,95,110,131,144,170,178,185,194,199,217,220,237],"are":[34],"limited.":[35],"In":[36,201],"this":[37,85,139],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,88],"combine":[40],"measurements":[42],"In-service":[45],"Aircraft":[46],"for":[47],"a":[48,67,107,167],"Global":[49],"Observing":[50],"System":[51],"(IAGOS),":[52],"ozonesonde":[53],"observations":[54,64],"recently":[59],"available":[60],"monitoring":[62],"network":[63],"to":[65,82],"produce":[66],"unique":[68],"data":[69],"record":[70],"surface":[72,93],"(at":[74],"14:00":[75],"time)":[77],"from":[80],"1995":[81],"2020.":[83],"Using":[84],"merged":[86],"dataset,":[87],"investigate":[89],"variability":[91],"on":[97,122],"multiple":[98],"timescales.":[99],"The":[100],"change":[102],"primarily":[104],"characterized":[105],"by":[106,148,205],"sudden":[108,140],"drop":[109],"2011\u20132012":[111,133],"insignificant":[114],"linear":[115],"trend":[116],"during":[117],"full":[119],"period.":[120],"Based":[121],"CAM-chem":[123],"model":[124],"simulations,":[125],"meteorological":[126,238],"factors":[127],"played":[128],"roles":[130],"drop.":[135],"Before":[136],"and":[137,156,196,234],"after":[138,162],"drop,":[141],"levels":[143,219],"increased":[146],"significantly":[147],"0.42":[149],"\u00b1":[150,158],"0.27":[151],"ppbv":[152,160],"year\u22121":[153,161],"before":[154],"2011":[155],"0.43":[157],"0.41":[159],"2013.":[163],"We":[164],"also":[165],"found":[166],"substantial":[168],"increase":[169],"amplitude":[172],"annual":[176],"cycle":[177],"Beijing,":[179],"which":[180,227],"has":[181],"not":[182],"been":[183],"documented":[184],"previous":[186],"studies.":[187],"This":[188],"consistent":[190],"increases":[193],"summer":[195],"decreases":[198],"winter.":[200],"addition,":[202],"results":[204],"Ensemble":[207],"Empirical":[208],"Mode":[209],"Decomposition":[210],"(EEMD)":[211],"analysis":[212],"indicate":[213],"significant":[214],"interannual":[215],"variations":[216],"different":[223],"time":[224],"oscillation":[225],"periods,":[226],"may":[228],"be":[229],"associated":[230],"natural":[232],"variabilities":[233],"subsequent":[235],"changes":[236],"conditions.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-11-20T00:00:00"}