{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308509964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610","title":"Modelling Permafrost Characteristics and Its Relationship with Environmental Constraints in the Gaize Area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China","display_name":"Modelling Permafrost Characteristics and Its Relationship with Environmental Constraints in the Gaize Area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308509964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5610/pdf?version=1667814108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5610/pdf?version=1667814108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705265","display_name":"Yudan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-116X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353521","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-7845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066305833","display_name":"Zhuotong Nan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-3850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuotong Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-3850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhihai Shang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihai Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100353521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66841988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5610","last_page":"5610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"Permafrost","score":0.9720578193664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.5986286997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5838238000869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5724852085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5455417633056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.5234320163726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.46564802527427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4591147303581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.42571014165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37877365946769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.3596144914627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.32405388355255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.18195024132728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12910518050193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.08925026655197144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.9720578193664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5986286997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5838238000869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5724852085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5455417633056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5234320163726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.46564802527427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4591147303581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.42571014165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37877365946769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3596144914627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.32405388355255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.18195024132728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12910518050193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08925026655197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5610/pdf?version=1667814108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dee144ec1c634bc29b0ff4635931d963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dee144ec1c634bc29b0ff4635931d963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5610 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5610/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5610","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5610/pdf?version=1667814108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1604312513","display_name":"\u5317\u534a\u7403\u5178\u578b\u5730\u533a\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u53ca\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41931180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3352581060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GPDE [2020]20-374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6057831941","display_name":"\u53d8\u5316\u6c14\u5019\u4e0b\u7684\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u6c34\u70ed\u72b6\u51b5\u53d8\u5316\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u9884\u4f30\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308509964.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308509964.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482907538","https://openalex.org/W1573962432","https://openalex.org/W1718588072","https://openalex.org/W1727549123","https://openalex.org/W1786856418","https://openalex.org/W1822086910","https://openalex.org/W1958968915","https://openalex.org/W1970594955","https://openalex.org/W1975014117","https://openalex.org/W1991751172","https://openalex.org/W2011633690","https://openalex.org/W2012726063","https://openalex.org/W2026457703","https://openalex.org/W2026791822","https://openalex.org/W2043736536","https://openalex.org/W2044357014","https://openalex.org/W2048148087","https://openalex.org/W2051752668","https://openalex.org/W2055730385","https://openalex.org/W2082679430","https://openalex.org/W2113066824","https://openalex.org/W2119808793","https://openalex.org/W2140456847","https://openalex.org/W2142708715","https://openalex.org/W2143653073","https://openalex.org/W2146257778","https://openalex.org/W2151336361","https://openalex.org/W2162906470","https://openalex.org/W2231614304","https://openalex.org/W2257122937","https://openalex.org/W2345556708","https://openalex.org/W2402213880","https://openalex.org/W2414904098","https://openalex.org/W2468838083","https://openalex.org/W2534439660","https://openalex.org/W2540965975","https://openalex.org/W2542500829","https://openalex.org/W2588987202","https://openalex.org/W2789303545","https://openalex.org/W2791456356","https://openalex.org/W2889534203","https://openalex.org/W2893104692","https://openalex.org/W2894712623","https://openalex.org/W2912860876","https://openalex.org/W2944047632","https://openalex.org/W2954884803","https://openalex.org/W2965576124","https://openalex.org/W2967350082","https://openalex.org/W2985296685","https://openalex.org/W2995363336","https://openalex.org/W3004086621","https://openalex.org/W3024987409","https://openalex.org/W3081476700","https://openalex.org/W3097098296","https://openalex.org/W3173274778","https://openalex.org/W3195082417","https://openalex.org/W4206350496","https://openalex.org/W4249393891","https://openalex.org/W4281646186","https://openalex.org/W4290756001","https://openalex.org/W6719980925","https://openalex.org/W6733342148","https://openalex.org/W6765049625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1824336683","https://openalex.org/W1982366144","https://openalex.org/W2900526884","https://openalex.org/W2355716068","https://openalex.org/W2156029149","https://openalex.org/W2008205066","https://openalex.org/W2978243538","https://openalex.org/W2393282203","https://openalex.org/W1982088605","https://openalex.org/W2789402038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,130,182],"impact":[1],"of":[2,10,50,115,136,141,153,160,171,184,197],"environmental":[3,39,187],"constraints":[4,40,188],"on":[5],"permafrost":[6,32,51,137,162,185],"distribution":[7,49,168],"and":[8,34,52,70,86,101,138,157,169,180],"characteristics":[9,33,170],"the":[11,31,42,57,95,113,147,151,158,165,172,190,198],"remote":[12],"western":[13,58],"Qinghai-Tibetan":[14],"Plateau":[15],"(QTP)":[16],"were":[17,61,92,122],"seldom":[18],"reported.":[19],"Using":[20],"augmented":[21],"Noah":[22],"land":[23],"surface":[24],"model,":[25],"this":[26],"study":[27],"aims":[28],"to":[29,103],"elaborate":[30],"their":[35],"relationship":[36,149,183],"with":[37,47,75,186],"key":[38],"in":[41,56,164],"Gaize,":[43],"a":[44,201],"transitional":[45],"area":[46],"mosaic":[48],"seasonally":[53],"frozen":[54],"ground":[55,119],"QTP.":[59],"There":[60],"two":[62,66],"soil":[63],"parameter":[64,73],"schemes,":[65,69],"thermal":[67],"roughness":[68],"three":[71,134,139],"vegetation":[72,142,155],"schemes":[74],"optimal":[76],"minimum":[77],"stomatal":[78],"resistance":[79],"established":[80],"using":[81],"MODIS":[82],"NDVI,":[83],"turbulent":[84],"flux,":[85],"field":[87],"survey":[88],"data.":[89],"Forcing":[90,98],"data":[91],"extracted":[93],"from":[94,195],"China":[96],"Meteorological":[97],"Dataset":[99],"(CMFD)":[100],"downscaled":[102],"5":[104,107],"km":[105,108],"\u00d7":[106],"resolution.":[109],"Results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112,196],"error":[114],"simulated":[116],"mean":[117],"annual":[118],"temperatures":[120],"(MAGT)":[121],"less":[123],"than":[124],"1.0":[125],"\u00b0C":[126],"for":[127],"nine":[128],"boreholes.":[129],"Kappa":[131],"coefficiency":[132],"between":[133,150],"types":[135,140,156,163],"is":[143,192],"0.654,":[144],"which":[145],"indicates":[146],"close":[148],"presence":[152],"certain":[154,161],"occurrence":[159],"Gaize.":[166],"Permafrost":[167],"Gaize":[173,191],"are":[174],"jointly":[175],"influenced":[176],"by":[177],"both":[178],"altitude":[179],"vegetation.":[181],"over":[189],"significantly":[193],"different":[194],"West":[199],"Kunlun,":[200],"western,":[202],"predominantly":[203],"permafrost-distributed":[204],"area.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}