{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308441261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215573","title":"Assessment of Intra-Urban Heat Island in a Densely Populated City Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study for Manila City","display_name":"Assessment of Intra-Urban Heat Island in a Densely Populated City Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study for Manila City","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308441261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215573","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5573/pdf?version=1667903704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5573/pdf?version=1667903704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022612384","display_name":"Mark Angelo C. Purio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103193709","display_name":"Adamson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xbjad38","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103193709"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP","PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Angelo Purio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Engineering Department, Adamson University, Manila 1000, Philippines","Laboratory of Spacecraft Environmental Interaction Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Engineering Department, Adamson University, Manila 1000, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103193709"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Spacecraft Environmental Interaction Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025466527","display_name":"Tetsunobu Yoshitake","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsunobu Yoshitake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053622154","display_name":"Mengu Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-2667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengu Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Spacecraft Environmental Interaction Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Spacecraft Environmental Interaction Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022612384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103193709","https://openalex.org/I207014233"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88994266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5573","last_page":"5573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.8387525081634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.7021247148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.6641968488693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6362313032150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.553452730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4825857877731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4459541141986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.43352165818214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4331907629966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.41948214173316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3514569401741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3365064859390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.27237388491630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09931451082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.0823783278465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.07782337069511414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.8387525081634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.7021247148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6641968488693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6362313032150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.553452730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4825857877731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4459541141986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.43352165818214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4331907629966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.41948214173316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3514569401741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3365064859390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.27237388491630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09931451082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0823783278465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.07782337069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215573","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5573/pdf?version=1667903704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:efd2a6f2867f4f4b9d8f617b9700705c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/efd2a6f2867f4f4b9d8f617b9700705c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5573 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kyutech.repo.nii.ac.jp:02000305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10228/0002000305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"VoR"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5573/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5573","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215573","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5573/pdf?version=1667903704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324410","display_name":"University of the Philippines","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqkr514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324693","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333817","display_name":"Advanced Science and Technology Institute","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336394","display_name":"Science Education Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of the Philippines","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308441261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308441261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967137980","https://openalex.org/W1977502891","https://openalex.org/W1978333327","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W2038513741","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2066131315","https://openalex.org/W2095241902","https://openalex.org/W2114263685","https://openalex.org/W2127170577","https://openalex.org/W2136063970","https://openalex.org/W2136931732","https://openalex.org/W2318160089","https://openalex.org/W2605456139","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2730039850","https://openalex.org/W2743944249","https://openalex.org/W2782535317","https://openalex.org/W2907470085","https://openalex.org/W2943287822","https://openalex.org/W2978449332","https://openalex.org/W2979200205","https://openalex.org/W2991054216","https://openalex.org/W2997307371","https://openalex.org/W2997825762","https://openalex.org/W2998057418","https://openalex.org/W2998141743","https://openalex.org/W2998434085","https://openalex.org/W2998459051","https://openalex.org/W2998517395","https://openalex.org/W2998707886","https://openalex.org/W2999983007","https://openalex.org/W3000643482","https://openalex.org/W3013497865","https://openalex.org/W3016199982","https://openalex.org/W3028875059","https://openalex.org/W3060315371","https://openalex.org/W3158115389","https://openalex.org/W3204485991","https://openalex.org/W3205234890","https://openalex.org/W3205333858","https://openalex.org/W4221040202","https://openalex.org/W4285394121","https://openalex.org/W4294117813","https://openalex.org/W6742468015","https://openalex.org/W6747437692","https://openalex.org/W6770867696","https://openalex.org/W6802022210","https://openalex.org/W6983100066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374100333","https://openalex.org/W4391980134","https://openalex.org/W2021379394","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W3192667092","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Changes":[0],"in":[1,5,91],"the":[2,23,30,50,77,100,180,188,195,199,203],"environment":[3],"occur":[4],"cities":[6,55],"due":[7],"to":[8,22,35,52,66,86,187,193],"increased":[9],"urbanization":[10],"and":[11,38,41,56,61,68,82,107,117,136,142,149,158,191,201],"population":[12],"growth.":[13],"Sustainable":[14],"Development":[15],"Goal":[16],"(SDG)":[17],"11":[18],"is":[19,29],"intrinsically":[20],"linked":[21],"environment,":[24],"one":[25],"facet":[26],"of":[27,79,103,152,161,172,198,205],"which":[28],"need":[31,183],"for":[32],"universal":[33],"access":[34],"secure,":[36],"inclusive,":[37],"accessible":[39],"green":[40],"public":[42],"places.":[43],"As":[44],"urban":[45],"heat":[46,89,164],"islands":[47,90],"(UHI)":[48],"have":[49],"potential":[51],"negatively":[53],"influence":[54],"their":[57],"residents,":[58],"existing":[59],"resources":[60],"data":[62,84],"must":[63],"be":[64],"used":[65],"identify":[67],"quantify":[69],"these":[70],"effects.":[71],"To":[72],"address":[73],"this,":[74],"we":[75],"present":[76],"use":[78],"satellite-derived":[80],"(2013\u20132022)":[81],"meteorological":[83,113],"(2014\u20132020)":[85],"assess":[87],"intra-urban":[88,163],"Manila":[92],"City,":[93],"Philippines.":[94],"The":[95],"assessment":[96],"includes":[97],"(a)":[98],"understanding":[99],"temporal":[101,150],"variability":[102],"air":[104],"temperature":[105],"measurements":[106],"outdoor":[108],"thermal":[109,196],"comfort":[110],"based":[111],"on":[112],"data,":[114],"(b)":[115],"comparative":[116],"correlative":[118],"analysis":[119,151,177],"between":[120],"common":[121],"Land-Use":[122],"Land":[123,143],"Cover":[124],"indicators":[125],"(Normalized":[126],"Difference":[127,132,138],"Vegetation":[128],"Index":[129,134,140],"(NDVI),":[130],"Normalized":[131,137],"Water":[133],"(NDWI)":[135],"Built-up":[139],"(NDBI))":[141],"Surface":[144],"Temperature":[145],"(LST),":[146],"(c)":[147],"spatial":[148,155],"LST":[153],"using":[154,174],"statistics":[156],"techniques,":[157],"(d)":[159],"generation":[160],"an":[162],"island":[165],"(IUHI)":[166],"map":[167],"with":[168],"a":[169,175],"recommended":[170],"class":[171],"action":[173],"suitability":[176],"model.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"areas":[181],"that":[182],"intervention":[184],"are":[185,207],"compared":[186],"affected":[189],"population,":[190],"suggestions":[192],"enhance":[194],"characteristics":[197],"city":[200],"mitigate":[202],"effects":[204],"UHI":[206],"established.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2022-11-11T00:00:00"}
