{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308197398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215570","title":"Daytime Sea Fog Detection Based on a Two-Stage Neural Network","display_name":"Daytime Sea Fog Detection Based on a Two-Stage Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308197398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5570/pdf?version=1667558379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5570/pdf?version=1667558379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108823885","display_name":"Yuzhu Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109544","display_name":"Second Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01tkb7c15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou 310012, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou 310012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090873301","display_name":"Pinglv Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-5264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pinglv Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064994218","display_name":"Zeming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-0608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044291252","display_name":"Xiaofeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-4301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090873301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0202,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74708345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5570","last_page":"5570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7160454392433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.6438289284706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6023843884468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.5708227157592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5359910726547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.5146275758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4732390344142914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4334544539451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4212493300437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3592120409011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2757403254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09032857418060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.08181828260421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7160454392433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.6438289284706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6023843884468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.5708227157592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5359910726547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.5146275758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4732390344142914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4334544539451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4212493300437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3592120409011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2757403254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09032857418060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.08181828260421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5570/pdf?version=1667558379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:099406c3bac8469fbd109105f8c0f680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/099406c3bac8469fbd109105f8c0f680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5570 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5570/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5570","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5570/pdf?version=1667558379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4229856045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6410801369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743131706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41775027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8633030175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4207513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308197398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308197398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1973593369","https://openalex.org/W1974800661","https://openalex.org/W1976580360","https://openalex.org/W1981392743","https://openalex.org/W2029275219","https://openalex.org/W2037256128","https://openalex.org/W2042265121","https://openalex.org/W2065607523","https://openalex.org/W2073008544","https://openalex.org/W2084820200","https://openalex.org/W2093215882","https://openalex.org/W2098289522","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2132247004","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2345254164","https://openalex.org/W2347578495","https://openalex.org/W2391300259","https://openalex.org/W2524350308","https://openalex.org/W2936104660","https://openalex.org/W2991900848","https://openalex.org/W2997394725","https://openalex.org/W3006054280","https://openalex.org/W3095867871","https://openalex.org/W4206243434","https://openalex.org/W4229004847","https://openalex.org/W6727222925","https://openalex.org/W6806891730","https://openalex.org/W6811042306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2600406339","https://openalex.org/W2275194557","https://openalex.org/W1968683057","https://openalex.org/W2528335145","https://openalex.org/W2130440693","https://openalex.org/W2032650299","https://openalex.org/W1992894507","https://openalex.org/W997830350","https://openalex.org/W4234915953","https://openalex.org/W2606169710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0,90,144],"fog":[1,39,51,86,108,127,212],"detection":[2,198],"has":[3],"received":[4],"widespread":[5],"attention":[6],"because":[7,46,59],"it":[8],"plays":[9],"a":[10,70,75,97,112,140],"vital":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,87],"maritime":[14],"activities.":[15],"Due":[16],"to":[17,54,82,101,118,172,195],"the":[18,42,88,103,120,169,174,197,204,207],"lack":[19],"of":[20,37,176,206],"sea":[21,38,50,85,107,126,161,211],"observation":[22,134],"data,":[23],"meteorological":[24],"satellites":[25],"with":[26,188],"high":[27],"temporal":[28],"and":[29,49,91,109,125,142,160],"spatial":[30],"resolution":[31],"have":[32,61],"become":[33],"an":[34],"essential":[35],"means":[36],"detection.":[40,213],"However,":[41],"performance":[43,175],"is":[44],"unsatisfactory":[45],"low":[47,123],"clouds":[48,124],"are":[52],"hard":[53],"distinguish":[55],"on":[56,74,128,168],"satellite":[57],"images":[58,152],"they":[60],"similar":[62],"spectral":[63],"radiance":[64],"characteristics.":[65],"To":[66],"address":[67],"this":[68],"difficulty,":[69],"new":[71],"method":[72,209],"based":[73],"two-stage":[76],"deep":[77],"learning":[78],"strategy":[79],"was":[80,116,192],"proposed":[81,208],"detect":[83],"daytime":[84],"Yellow":[89,141],"Bohai":[92,143],"Sea.":[93],"We":[94],"first":[95],"utilized":[96],"fully":[98],"connected":[99],"network":[100,115],"separate":[102],"clear":[104,157],"sky":[105],"from":[106],"clouds.":[110],"Then,":[111],"convolutional":[113],"neural":[114],"used":[117,167,194],"extract":[119],"differences":[121],"between":[122],"16":[129],"Advanced":[130],"Himawari":[131],"Imager":[132],"(AHI)":[133],"bands.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"we":[138],"built":[139],"Fog":[145],"(YBSF)":[146],"dataset":[147,171],"by":[148,185],"pixel-wise":[149],"labelling":[150],"AHI":[151],"into":[153],"three":[154],"categories":[155],"(i.e.,":[156],"sky,":[158],"cloud,":[159],"fog).":[162],"Five":[163],"comparable":[164],"methods":[165],"were":[166],"YBSF":[170],"appraise":[173],"our":[177],"method.":[178],"The":[179,200],"vertical":[180],"feature":[181],"mask":[182],"(VFM)":[183],"generated":[184],"Cloud-Aerosol":[186],"Lidar":[187],"Orthogonal":[189],"Polarization":[190],"(CALIOP)":[191],"also":[193],"verify":[196],"accuracy.":[199],"experimental":[201],"results":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"effectiveness":[205],"for":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}