{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308197267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215567","title":"DUPnet: Water Body Segmentation with Dense Block and Multi-Scale Spatial Pyramid Pooling for Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"DUPnet: Water Body Segmentation with Dense Block and Multi-Scale Spatial Pyramid Pooling for Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308197267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215567","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5567/pdf?version=1667556323","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5567/pdf?version=1667556323","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068610174","display_name":"Zhiheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-3557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431505","display_name":"Xuemei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-2141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049798236","display_name":"Suiping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suiping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432180","display_name":"Hang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070758701","display_name":"Jianhua Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-5135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393271","display_name":"Yanming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-1682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100393271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8367105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5567","last_page":"5567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7332485914230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.710212767124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6570559144020081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6227378845214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.594825029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.565508246421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-body","display_name":"Water body","score":0.5502175092697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5302419662475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5155179500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4698575735092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.43177932500839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43030983209609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.2943490743637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2524029314517975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.18766087293624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11120426654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09567886590957642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7332485914230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.710212767124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6570559144020081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6227378845214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.594825029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.565508246421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986309107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15324","display_name":"Water body","level":2,"score":0.5502175092697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5302419662475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5155179500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4698575735092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.43177932500839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43030983209609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2943490743637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2524029314517975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.18766087293624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11120426654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09567886590957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215567","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5567/pdf?version=1667556323","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77ebf351553549bb881f90f4f25a928e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77ebf351553549bb881f90f4f25a928e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5567 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5567/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5567","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1694862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1694862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215567","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5567/pdf?version=1667556323","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G562804104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XJS221307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7303648733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JB211312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308197267.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308197267.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536729381","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1993402671","https://openalex.org/W2021994067","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2114268578","https://openalex.org/W2143382278","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2598998899","https://openalex.org/W2607333215","https://openalex.org/W2623913549","https://openalex.org/W2685298434","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2793116851","https://openalex.org/W2802942478","https://openalex.org/W2891155035","https://openalex.org/W2903617078","https://openalex.org/W2951792693","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2963043051","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W3009083936","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3038091703","https://openalex.org/W3044984708","https://openalex.org/W3090411274","https://openalex.org/W3097504621","https://openalex.org/W3112139896","https://openalex.org/W3112278501","https://openalex.org/W3153495029","https://openalex.org/W3174507101","https://openalex.org/W3194224793","https://openalex.org/W3194996867","https://openalex.org/W3208883750","https://openalex.org/W4220680175","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4283588414","https://openalex.org/W4287148521","https://openalex.org/W6638480814","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6711868289","https://openalex.org/W6731355348","https://openalex.org/W6742348326","https://openalex.org/W6799986871","https://openalex.org/W6821113053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W2810679507","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758","https://openalex.org/W3150439626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"body":[1,49,67],"segmentation":[2,23,68],"is":[3,78,112,159],"an":[4],"important":[5],"tool":[6],"for":[7,120,127],"the":[8,12,15,128,133,163,168,181,189,201],"hydrological":[9],"monitoring":[10],"of":[11,18,186],"Earth.":[13],"With":[14],"rapid":[16],"development":[17],"convolutional":[19],"neural":[20],"networks,":[21],"semantic":[22],"techniques":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"used":[27,140],"on":[28,188,200],"remote":[29],"sensing":[30],"images":[31],"to":[32,40,43,80,114,125,141,146,161,165],"extract":[33,84,142],"water":[34,48,57,66,85,122,174],"bodies.":[35,175],"However,":[36],"some":[37],"difficulties":[38],"need":[39],"be":[41],"overcome":[42],"achieve":[44],"good":[45],"results":[46,178],"in":[47],"segmentation,":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52],"complex":[53],"background,":[54],"huge":[55],"scale,":[56],"connectivity,":[58],"and":[59,74,82,90,117,124,152,184,196,199],"rough":[60],"edges.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"study,":[64],"a":[65,105,155],"model":[69],"(DUPnet)":[70],"with":[71,167],"dense":[72,137],"connectivity":[73],"multi-scale":[75,106],"pyramidal":[76],"pools":[77],"proposed":[79,99,160],"rapidly":[81],"accurately":[83],"bodies":[86,123],"from":[87],"Gaofen":[88,191],"satellite":[89],"Landsat":[91,202],"8":[92],"OLI":[93],"(Operational":[94],"Land":[95],"Imager)":[96],"images.":[97],"The":[98,176],"method":[100],"includes":[101],"three":[102],"parts:":[103],"(1)":[104],"spatial":[107,144],"pyramid":[108],"pooling":[109],"module":[110],"(MSPP)":[111],"introduced":[113],"combine":[115],"shallow":[116],"deep":[118],"features":[119,145],"small":[121,173],"compensate":[126],"feature":[129,150],"loss":[130,157],"caused":[131,171],"by":[132,172],"sampling":[134],"process;":[135],"(2)":[136],"blocks":[138],"are":[139,193,206],"more":[143],"DUPnet\u2019s":[147],"backbone,":[148],"increasing":[149],"propagation":[151],"reuse;":[153],"(3)":[154],"regression":[156],"function":[158],"train":[162],"network":[164],"deal":[166],"unbalanced":[169],"dataset":[170,192],"experimental":[177],"show":[179],"that":[180],"F1,":[182],"MIoU,":[183],"FWIoU":[185],"DUPnet":[187],"2020":[190],"97.67%,":[194],"88.17%,":[195],"93.52%,":[197],"respectively,":[198],"River":[203],"dataset,":[204],"they":[205],"96.52%,":[207],"84.72%,":[208],"91.77%,":[209],"respectively.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}