{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308207276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215560","title":"Improved LSTM Model for Boreal Forest Height Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Time Series","display_name":"Improved LSTM Model for Boreal Forest Height Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Time Series","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308207276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5560/pdf?version=1667879046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5560/pdf?version=1667879046","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078817021","display_name":"Shaojia Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9655-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojia Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063326661","display_name":"Weimin Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-6839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101158069","display_name":"Hong Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083501340","display_name":"Yrj\u00f6 Rauste","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-8228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yrj\u00f6 Rauste","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 00076 Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 00076 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069103777","display_name":"Jaan Praks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-3569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaan Praks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, 00076 Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, 00076 Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037773899","display_name":"Oleg Antropov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-404X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Antropov","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 00076 Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 00076 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037773899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2232,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2407},"fwci":0.9521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7057821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5560","last_page":"5560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6676537990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5386149287223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5376087427139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.506170928478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.5060879588127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.4970269501209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.47884583473205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4494946002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4342888593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34448695182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3295174837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19613677263259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16368329524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14456382393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12364301085472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11214837431907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08138793706893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.07087582349777222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6676537990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5386149287223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5376087427139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.506170928478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5060879588127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.4970269501209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.47884583473205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4494946002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4342888593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34448695182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3295174837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19613677263259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16368329524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14456382393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12364301085472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11214837431907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08138793706893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.07087582349777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5560/pdf?version=1667879046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/117931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/48e63b6a-6999-40f5-869a-3ea6568e7170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1dab930920b44041ab95a931c233f3bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1dab930920b44041ab95a931c233f3bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5560 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5560/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5560","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5560/pdf?version=1667879046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2035592251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M681604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3089414119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4584665908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6646326927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M68160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8604884980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308207276.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308207276.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W837234218","https://openalex.org/W1984670836","https://openalex.org/W1992053024","https://openalex.org/W1997732436","https://openalex.org/W2001470990","https://openalex.org/W2057327074","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2101354384","https://openalex.org/W2105781415","https://openalex.org/W2137233635","https://openalex.org/W2143600141","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2144520646","https://openalex.org/W2156527994","https://openalex.org/W2166516820","https://openalex.org/W2169087452","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2515294851","https://openalex.org/W2546538282","https://openalex.org/W2604847698","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2742878349","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2782220608","https://openalex.org/W2808814120","https://openalex.org/W2903542913","https://openalex.org/W2906922093","https://openalex.org/W2910942888","https://openalex.org/W2911534439","https://openalex.org/W2911549724","https://openalex.org/W2911554154","https://openalex.org/W2919841204","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2944628057","https://openalex.org/W2963587345","https://openalex.org/W2968347155","https://openalex.org/W2986150768","https://openalex.org/W2999606367","https://openalex.org/W3019257405","https://openalex.org/W3092625606","https://openalex.org/W3121655445","https://openalex.org/W3131727501","https://openalex.org/W3149534198","https://openalex.org/W3152264159","https://openalex.org/W3171581326","https://openalex.org/W3173833413","https://openalex.org/W3197211007","https://openalex.org/W3207955519","https://openalex.org/W3211300303","https://openalex.org/W3213730618","https://openalex.org/W3216131825","https://openalex.org/W4206154740","https://openalex.org/W4210692134","https://openalex.org/W4214766867","https://openalex.org/W4283697304","https://openalex.org/W4283821588","https://openalex.org/W4285055058","https://openalex.org/W6678975374","https://openalex.org/W6683284917","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6793809909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W2048488252","https://openalex.org/W2940614149","https://openalex.org/W4288365262","https://openalex.org/W2787485953","https://openalex.org/W3217432596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"series":[1,40,75,175],"of":[2,27,76,176,211,221],"SAR":[3,38],"imagery":[4,19],"combined":[5],"with":[6,190],"reference":[7,154],"ground":[8],"data":[9,32,156],"can":[10,42,248],"be":[11,250],"suitable":[12],"for":[13,23,68,233,252],"producing":[14],"forest":[15,24,70,102,167,205,212,222,257],"inventories.":[16],"Copernicus":[17],"Sentinel-1":[18,77,106,178],"is":[20,121,129,146,161,188],"particularly":[21],"interesting":[22],"mapping":[25,45,224],"because":[26],"its":[28,66],"free":[29],"availability":[30],"to":[31,85,97,131,148],"users;":[33],"however,":[34],"temporal":[35,103,133],"dependencies":[36],"within":[37],"time":[39,74,107,110,174,262],"that":[41,244],"potentially":[43],"improve":[44],"accuracy":[46,220],"are":[47,114,157,180],"rarely":[48],"explored.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"study,":[52],"we":[53],"introduce":[54],"a":[55,93,124,140,164],"novel":[56,125,141],"semi-supervised":[57],"Long":[58],"Short-Term":[59],"Memory":[60],"(LSTM)":[61],"model,":[62,193],"CrsHelix-LSTM,":[63],"and":[64,105,123,197,236,259],"demonstrate":[65],"utility":[67],"predicting":[69],"tree":[71],"height":[72,213,223],"using":[73],"images.":[78],"The":[79,185],"model":[80,151,160,187,247],"brings":[81],"three":[82],"important":[83],"modifications":[84],"the":[86,99,183,218,245],"conventional":[87],"LSTM":[88,119,192,196],"model.":[89],"Firstly,":[90],"it":[91],"uses":[92],"Helix-Elapse":[94],"(HE)":[95],"projection":[96],"capture":[98],"relationship":[100],"between":[101,112,255],"patterns":[104],"series,":[108],"when":[109,153],"intervals":[111],"datatakes":[113],"irregular.":[115],"A":[116,173],"skip-link":[117],"based":[118],"block":[120],"introduced":[122],"backbone":[126],"network,":[127],"Helix-LSTM,":[128],"proposed":[130],"retrieve":[132],"features":[134],"at":[135],"different":[136],"receptive":[137],"scales.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"semisupervised":[142],"strategy,":[143],"Cross-Pseudo":[144],"Regression,":[145],"employed":[147],"achieve":[149],"better":[150],"performance":[152],"training":[155],"limited.":[158],"CrsHelix-LSTM":[159],"demonstrated":[162],"over":[163],"representative":[165],"boreal":[166],"site":[168],"located":[169],"in":[170,182,204],"Central":[171],"Finland.":[172],"96":[177],"images":[179],"used":[181,203,251],"study.":[184],"developed":[186,246],"compared":[189],"basic":[191],"attention-based":[194],"bidirectional":[195],"several":[198],"other":[199,256],"established":[200],"regression":[201],"approaches":[202],"variable":[206],"mapping,":[207],"demonstrating":[208],"consistent":[209],"improvement":[210],"prediction":[214],"accuracy.":[215],"At":[216],"best,":[217],"achieved":[219],"was":[225],"28.3%":[226],"relative":[227],"root":[228],"mean":[229],"squared":[230],"error":[231],"(rRMSE)":[232],"pixel-level":[234],"predictions":[235],"18.0%":[237],"rRMSE":[238],"on":[239],"stand":[240],"level.":[241],"We":[242],"expect":[243],"also":[249],"modeling":[253],"relationships":[254],"variables":[258],"satellite":[260],"image":[261],"series.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
