{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308206501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215545","title":"Individual Tree Detection in Coal Mine Afforestation Area Based on Improved Faster RCNN in UAV RGB Images","display_name":"Individual Tree Detection in Coal Mine Afforestation Area Based on Improved Faster RCNN in UAV RGB Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308206501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215545","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5545/pdf?version=1667468289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5545/pdf?version=1667468289","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050985632","display_name":"Meng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-2633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055265137","display_name":"Yanan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742996","display_name":"Shengwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105888","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/019kfw312","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","Key Laboratory of Large Data Research and Application of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China","Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Large Data Research and Application of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060800563","display_name":"Lei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954148","display_name":"Huiqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415123","display_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-8381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051147714","display_name":"Lin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-5323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100742996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545","https://openalex.org/I4210105888"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4235,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88460585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5545","last_page":"5545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afforestation","display_name":"Afforestation","score":0.7274423241615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6252553462982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.42468297481536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-reclamation","display_name":"Land reclamation","score":0.421531617641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3754170536994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.373457133769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32020115852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1582363247871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.12234950065612793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56095865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384419","display_name":"Afforestation","level":2,"score":0.7274423241615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6252553462982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42468297481536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61661205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130322","display_name":"Land reclamation","level":2,"score":0.421531617641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3754170536994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.373457133769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32020115852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1582363247871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.12234950065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215545","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5545/pdf?version=1667468289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a9826d613714efd9ee8efdd6b9c6d82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a9826d613714efd9ee8efdd6b9c6d82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5545 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5545/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5545","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215545","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5545/pdf?version=1667468289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1228171453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JQ06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474671485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CG0054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2010239152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GG0076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4607995873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52079063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4725023359","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GG0076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4971924300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CG0054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5314405610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JQ06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6465982131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52079063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6624196571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7392837540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC3201201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7480646488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JQ06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8044945775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8468979336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC3201201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308206501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308206501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1515353041","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1578469044","https://openalex.org/W1932624639","https://openalex.org/W1983818779","https://openalex.org/W2066416082","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2107159911","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2153958436","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2257554162","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2648242067","https://openalex.org/W2743601682","https://openalex.org/W2778924750","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2895435696","https://openalex.org/W2906239552","https://openalex.org/W2938260698","https://openalex.org/W2950604226","https://openalex.org/W2951680932","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2967636939","https://openalex.org/W2968532688","https://openalex.org/W2975944598","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2988452521","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W2999156891","https://openalex.org/W3005872463","https://openalex.org/W3005928493","https://openalex.org/W3006025044","https://openalex.org/W3006935317","https://openalex.org/W3014096421","https://openalex.org/W3030978062","https://openalex.org/W3034307881","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3046380245","https://openalex.org/W3049446265","https://openalex.org/W3082237423","https://openalex.org/W3092075612","https://openalex.org/W3101252928","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3111701194","https://openalex.org/W3116626500","https://openalex.org/W3118268886","https://openalex.org/W3118660043","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3125537520","https://openalex.org/W3128661784","https://openalex.org/W3129465611","https://openalex.org/W3134689216","https://openalex.org/W3141750745","https://openalex.org/W3151277442","https://openalex.org/W3151858818","https://openalex.org/W3159196909","https://openalex.org/W3161406695","https://openalex.org/W3162760148","https://openalex.org/W3169791668","https://openalex.org/W3170701112","https://openalex.org/W3174038008","https://openalex.org/W3175630421","https://openalex.org/W3176183719","https://openalex.org/W3176412734","https://openalex.org/W3178502337","https://openalex.org/W3178847601","https://openalex.org/W3196303752","https://openalex.org/W3197188946","https://openalex.org/W3197653416","https://openalex.org/W3198536965","https://openalex.org/W3200035383","https://openalex.org/W3202623187","https://openalex.org/W3206488822","https://openalex.org/W3206795908","https://openalex.org/W3209586559","https://openalex.org/W3209792506","https://openalex.org/W3210869680","https://openalex.org/W4200487308","https://openalex.org/W4205126785","https://openalex.org/W4205359870","https://openalex.org/W4220835820","https://openalex.org/W4221068762","https://openalex.org/W4226512335","https://openalex.org/W4229003214","https://openalex.org/W4229005449","https://openalex.org/W4280605039","https://openalex.org/W4281672635","https://openalex.org/W4283698879","https://openalex.org/W6730903564","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6810951699","https://openalex.org/W6839058106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351978338","https://openalex.org/W2364118491","https://openalex.org/W2369329102","https://openalex.org/W2355403593","https://openalex.org/W2374873665","https://openalex.org/W2073128866","https://openalex.org/W2388001001","https://openalex.org/W2028004539","https://openalex.org/W2391411583","https://openalex.org/W4398156470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forests":[0],"are":[1],"the":[2,10,24,28,86,96,117,126,136,143,149,152,156,166,180,199,236,242,244,248,250,283,286,296,348,380],"most":[3],"important":[4],"part":[5,140],"of":[6,12,41,120,239,289,329,339],"terrestrial":[7],"ecosystems.":[8],"In":[9,27,46,135,235,282],"context":[11],"China\u2019s":[13],"industrialization":[14],"and":[15,51,159,179,217,275,320,365,393],"urbanization,":[16],"mining":[17,60,206],"activities":[18],"have":[19],"caused":[20],"huge":[21],"damage":[22],"to":[23,48,57,72,94,115],"forest":[25],"ecology.":[26],"Ulan":[29,381],"Mulun":[30,382],"River":[31,383],"Basin":[32],"(Ordos,":[33],"China),":[34],"afforestation":[35],"is":[36,55,386],"standard":[37],"method":[38],"for":[39,202,233,379,389],"reclamation":[40],"coal":[42,240],"mine":[43],"degraded":[44],"land.":[45],"order":[47],"understand,":[49],"manage":[50],"utilize":[52],"forests,":[53],"it":[54,218],"necessary":[56],"collect":[58],"local":[59,390],"area\u2019s":[61],"tree":[62,203],"information.":[63],"This":[64,371],"paper":[65],"proposed":[66,108],"an":[67],"improved":[68,80,142,153,181,194],"Faster":[69,195],"R-CNN":[70,196],"model":[71,87,154],"identify":[73,221],"individual":[74],"trees.":[75],"There":[76],"were":[77,346],"three":[78],"major":[79],"parts":[81],"in":[82,205,223],"this":[83,139],"model.":[84],"First,":[85],"applied":[88],"supervised":[89],"multi-policy":[90],"data":[91,167],"augmentation":[92,168],"(DA)":[93],"address":[95],"unmanned":[97],"aerial":[98],"vehicle":[99],"(UAV)":[100],"sample":[101],"label":[102],"size":[103],"imbalance":[104],"phenomenon.":[105],"Second,":[106],"we":[107,124],"Dense":[109],"Enhance":[110],"Feature":[111],"Pyramid":[112],"Network":[113],"(DE-FPN)":[114],"improve":[116],"detection":[118,191,204],"accuracy":[119,201],"small":[121],"sample.":[122],"Third,":[123],"modified":[125],"state-of-the-art":[127],"Alpha":[128],"Intersection":[129],"over":[130],"Union":[131],"(Alpha-IoU)":[132],"loss":[133],"function.":[134],"regression":[137],"stage,":[138],"effectively":[141],"bounding":[144],"box":[145],"accuracy.":[146,161],"Compared":[147,187],"with":[148,188],"original":[150],"model,":[151],"had":[155,198,213,295],"faster":[157],"effect":[158],"higher":[160,243],"The":[162,326],"result":[163],"shows":[164],"that":[165],"strategy":[169],"increased":[170,175,183],"AP":[171,176,184,208],"by":[172,177,185],"1.26%,":[173],"DE-FPN":[174],"2.82%,":[178],"Alpha-IoU":[182],"2.60%.":[186],"popular":[189],"target":[190],"algorithms,":[192],"our":[193],"algorithm":[197,228],"highest":[200,297],"areas.":[207],"was":[209,301,308,313,318,324,335,353,358,363,369],"89.89%.":[210],"It":[211,385],"also":[212],"a":[214,224,374],"good":[215],"generalization,":[216],"can":[219],"accurately":[220],"trees":[222,231,303,337],"complex":[225],"background.":[226],"Our":[227],"detected":[229],"correct":[230],"accounted":[232],"91.61%.":[234],"surrounding":[237],"area":[238,288,328],"mines,":[241],"stand":[245,298,340],"density":[246],"is,":[247],"smaller":[249],"remote":[251,343],"sensing":[252,257,344],"index":[253],"value":[254,307,312,317,323,352,357,362,368],"is.":[255],"Remote":[256],"indices":[258,345],"included":[259],"Green":[260,265,277],"Leaf":[261],"Index":[262,268,273,280],"(GLI),":[263],"Red":[264,278],"Blue":[266],"Vegetation":[267],"(RGBVI),":[269],"Visible":[270],"Atmospheric":[271],"Resistance":[272],"(VARI),":[274],"Normalized":[276],"Difference":[279],"(NGRDI).":[281],"drone":[284],"zone,":[285],"western":[287],"Bulianta":[290,330],"Coal":[291,331],"Mine":[292,332],"(Area":[293,333],"A)":[294],"density,":[299],"which":[300],"203.95":[302],"ha\u22121.":[304],"GLI":[305,350],"mean":[306,311,316,322,351,356,361,367],"0.09,":[309],"RGBVI":[310,355],"0.17,":[314],"VARI":[315,360],"0.04,":[319],"NGRDI":[321,366],"0.04.":[325],"southern":[327],"D)":[334],"105.09":[336],"ha\u22121":[338],"density.":[341],"Four":[342],"all":[347],"highest.":[349],"0.15,":[354],"0.43,":[359],"0.12,":[364],"0.09.":[370],"study":[372],"provided":[373],"sustainable":[375],"development":[376],"theoretical":[377],"guidance":[378],"Basin.":[384],"crucial":[387],"information":[388],"ecological":[391],"environment":[392],"economic":[394],"development.":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-11-09T00:00:00"}