{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309089740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215536","title":"Research on Multi-Domain Dimensionality Reduction Joint Adaptive Processing Method for Range Ambiguous Clutter of FDA-Phase-MIMO Space-Based Early Warning Radar","display_name":"Research on Multi-Domain Dimensionality Reduction Joint Adaptive Processing Method for Range Ambiguous Clutter of FDA-Phase-MIMO Space-Based Early Warning Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309089740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5536/pdf?version=1667889487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5536/pdf?version=1667889487","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101451937","display_name":"Tianfu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-2262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianfu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-2262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409176","display_name":"Zhihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-550X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101860926","display_name":"Shuangxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431061","display_name":"Yongliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-9500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Research Laboratory, Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Research Laboratory, Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100431061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":6.2086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95711126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5536","last_page":"5536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8751330375671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286730408668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5179508924484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.46759647130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.46381160616874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time-adaptive-processing","display_name":"Space-time adaptive processing","score":0.4537118673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-target-indication","display_name":"Moving target indication","score":0.4476076662540436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4393087327480316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4052179455757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39230796694755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.265266478061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18310970067977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.11466220021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10668763518333435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8751330375671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286730408668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5179508924484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.46759647130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.46381160616874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190203512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572182","display_name":"Space-time adaptive processing","level":5,"score":0.4537118673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162416716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446180","display_name":"Moving target indication","level":5,"score":0.4476076662540436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4393087327480316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4052179455757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39230796694755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.265266478061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18310970067977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.11466220021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10668763518333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5536/pdf?version=1667889487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d18679460a34d2fbaf6cd75461ca2d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d18679460a34d2fbaf6cd75461ca2d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5536 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5536/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5536","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5536/pdf?version=1667889487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5505923119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6733855868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G937306803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309089740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309089740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967348923","https://openalex.org/W1984399022","https://openalex.org/W1986362571","https://openalex.org/W1988130218","https://openalex.org/W2029297672","https://openalex.org/W2038361524","https://openalex.org/W2039324304","https://openalex.org/W2101700180","https://openalex.org/W2107969110","https://openalex.org/W2126984547","https://openalex.org/W2131634726","https://openalex.org/W2136643308","https://openalex.org/W2145706233","https://openalex.org/W2151036919","https://openalex.org/W2168739557","https://openalex.org/W2528771714","https://openalex.org/W2763369958","https://openalex.org/W2791688381","https://openalex.org/W3016404565","https://openalex.org/W3089171931","https://openalex.org/W3110415688","https://openalex.org/W3168020273","https://openalex.org/W3209195171","https://openalex.org/W3209344310","https://openalex.org/W3216424046","https://openalex.org/W4200545291","https://openalex.org/W4205733750","https://openalex.org/W4206481277","https://openalex.org/W4213006733","https://openalex.org/W4285821176","https://openalex.org/W4293817256","https://openalex.org/W6659921185","https://openalex.org/W6784452251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2230756318","https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2431104759","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W4206580878","https://openalex.org/W2554868331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45,83,119],"ground":[1],"and":[2,22,63],"sea":[3],"clutter":[4,33,47,66,76,136],"received":[5,32],"by":[6,27,53,98],"space-based":[7],"early":[8],"warning":[9],"radar":[10],"(SBEWR)":[11],"has":[12],"severely":[13],"range":[14,36,88],"ambiguous":[15,37],"characteristics":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18],"its":[19],"platform":[20],"location,":[21],"the":[23,31,42,126,144,147,156,159],"non-stationary":[24],"factor":[25],"caused":[26],"Earth\u2019s":[28],"rotation":[29],"makes":[30],"at":[34],"different":[35],"positions":[38],"seriously":[39],"broaden":[40],"in":[41,80],"Doppler":[43],"dimension.":[44],"complex":[46],"suppression":[48,67,77,137],"performance":[49,138],"of":[50,139,146,149,158],"SBEWR":[51],"obtained":[52],"traditional":[54],"method":[55,74,85],"is":[56,78],"degraded":[57],"significantly.":[58],"To":[59],"solve":[60],"this":[61,81],"problem":[62],"achieve":[64],"better":[65],"performance,":[68],"a":[69,87,110],"novel":[70,111,120],"multi-domain":[71,112,121],"adaptive":[72,123],"processing":[73,91,124],"for":[75],"proposed":[79,84,127,160],"paper.":[82],"introduced":[86],"related":[89],"signal":[90],"domain":[92,97],"based":[93],"on":[94],"conventional":[95],"space\u2013time":[96],"using":[99,125],"frequency":[100],"diverse":[101],"array":[102],"phase":[103],"multiple-input":[104],"multiple-output":[105],"(FDA-Phase-MIMO)":[106],"radar.":[107],"In":[108],"addition,":[109],"joint":[113,122],"dimensionality":[114,128],"reduction":[115,129],"structure":[116,130],"was":[117],"designed.":[118],"could":[131],"not":[132],"only":[133],"obtain":[134],"great":[135],"SBEWR,":[140],"but":[141],"also":[142],"minimize":[143],"requirement":[145],"number":[148],"selected":[150],"auxiliary":[151],"channels.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"examples":[154],"show":[155],"effectiveness":[157],"method.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}