{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308105939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215518","title":"Improvement and Application of a GAN Model for Time Series Image Prediction\u2014A Case Study of Time Series Satellite Cloud Images","display_name":"Improvement and Application of a GAN Model for Time Series Image Prediction\u2014A Case Study of Time Series Satellite Cloud Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308105939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5518/pdf?version=1667386012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5518/pdf?version=1667386012","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086203986","display_name":"Ruifu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-1720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruifu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007837652","display_name":"Dongdong Teng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659309","display_name":"Wenqing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8617-861X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Land Spatial Data and Remote Sensing Technology Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land Spatial Data and Remote Sensing Technology Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115591673","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1790-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043676034","display_name":"Jinshan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-7603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinshan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043676034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78989542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5518","last_page":"5518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.747948169708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.637569785118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.597291111946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.43971961736679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.43417873978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4278014898300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3992689549922943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3891000747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32053545117378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.21902236342430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10901299118995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0839599072933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06880965828895569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.747948169708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.637569785118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.597291111946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43971961736679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.43417873978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4278014898300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3992689549922943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3891000747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32053545117378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.21902236342430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10901299118995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0839599072933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06880965828895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5518/pdf?version=1667386012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1870358ab1fc487c8e881677d1ef6188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1870358ab1fc487c8e881677d1ef6188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5518 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5518/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5518","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5518/pdf?version=1667386012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2954701993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4079409896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022MD002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308105939.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308105939.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010137252","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2158327294","https://openalex.org/W2355690272","https://openalex.org/W2394081780","https://openalex.org/W2470926071","https://openalex.org/W2725422033","https://openalex.org/W2767809814","https://openalex.org/W2783900780","https://openalex.org/W2958098628","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963981733","https://openalex.org/W3013361481","https://openalex.org/W3021710524","https://openalex.org/W3025582806","https://openalex.org/W3032895948","https://openalex.org/W3047102541","https://openalex.org/W3096763162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383532021","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W2150798635","https://openalex.org/W2080650820","https://openalex.org/W1964982224","https://openalex.org/W4226032261","https://openalex.org/W2354329565","https://openalex.org/W2357235357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"the":[1,17,55,60,73,81,96,103,112,130,134,146,161,173,178,184,188,193,205,219,230,237],"shape":[2],"evolution":[3],"and":[4,20,27,58,64,89,101,195,199,203,207,211,233,263],"movement":[5,234],"of":[6,23,62,85,133,149,163,177,236,255],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"satellite":[9,43,86,256],"cloud":[10,44,68,87,93,165,175,239,257],"images":[11,88,94,176,240,258],"is":[12,76,107,126,216,244,266],"a":[13,34,140],"difficult":[14],"task":[15],"requiring":[16],"effective":[18],"monitoring":[19],"rapid":[21],"prediction":[22,46,164,174,238],"thunderstorms,":[24],"gales,":[25],"rainstorms,":[26],"other":[28],"disastrous":[29,260],"weather":[30,250,261],"conditions.":[31],"We":[32],"proposed":[33],"generative":[35],"adversarial":[36],"network":[37,142],"(GAN)":[38],"model":[39,75,136,150,191,222],"for":[40,109,172],"time":[41,51,91],"series":[42,52,92],"image":[45,154],"in":[47,67,70,95,259],"this":[48,115],"research.":[49],"Taking":[50],"information":[53],"as":[54],"constraint":[56],"condition":[57],"abandoning":[59],"assumption":[61],"linear":[63],"stable":[65],"changes":[66,232],"clusters":[69],"traditional":[71],"methods,":[72],"GAN":[74,135],"used":[77,127],"to":[78,128,144,159,246],"automatically":[79],"learn":[80],"data":[82],"feature":[83],"distribution":[84],"predict":[90],"future.":[97],"Through":[98],"comparative":[99],"experiments":[100],"analysis,":[102],"Mish":[104],"activation":[105],"function":[106],"selected":[108],"integration":[110],"into":[111],"model.":[113],"On":[114],"basis,":[116],"three":[117],"improvement":[118],"measures":[119],"are":[120],"proposed:":[121],"(1)":[122],"The":[123,167,252],"Wasserstein":[124],"distance":[125],"ensure":[129],"normal":[131],"update":[132],"parameters;":[137],"(2)":[138],"establish":[139],"multiscale":[141],"structure":[143],"improve":[145,160],"long-term":[147],"performance":[148],"prediction;":[151],"(3)":[152],"combined":[153],"gradient":[155],"difference":[156],"loss":[157],"(GDL)":[158],"sharpness":[162],"images.":[166],"experimental":[168],"results":[169],"showed":[170],"that":[171,218],"next":[179],"four":[180],"times,":[181],"compared":[182],"with":[183],"unimproved":[185],"Mish-GAN":[186],"model,":[187],"improved":[189,220],"GDL-GAN":[190,221],"improves":[192],"PSNR":[194],"SSIM":[196],"by":[197,209],"0.44":[198],"0.02":[200],"on":[201,213],"average,":[202],"decreases":[204],"MAE":[206],"RMSE":[208],"18.84%":[210],"7.60%":[212],"average.":[214],"It":[215],"proven":[217],"can":[223],"maintain":[224],"good":[225],"visualization":[226],"effects":[227],"while":[228],"keeping":[229],"overall":[231],"trends":[235],"relatively":[241],"accurate,":[242],"which":[243],"helpful":[245],"achieve":[247],"more":[248],"accurate":[249],"forecast.":[251],"cooperation":[253],"ability":[254],"forecasting":[262],"early":[264],"warning":[265],"enhanced.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}