{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308121909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215503","title":"Evaluation of Wildfire Occurrences in Pakistan with Global Gridded Soil Properties Derived from Remotely Sensed Data","display_name":"Evaluation of Wildfire Occurrences in Pakistan with Global Gridded Soil Properties Derived from Remotely Sensed Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308121909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5503/pdf?version=1667874707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5503/pdf?version=1667874707","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086195370","display_name":"Warda Rafaqat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-3566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warda Rafaqat","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026575214","display_name":"Mansoor Iqbal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansoor Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering & Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230027, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering & Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074860337","display_name":"Rida Kanwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9909-8761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rida Kanwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103414103","display_name":"Song Weiguo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Weiguo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China USTC, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103414103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9034,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72528391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"5503","last_page":"5503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7463381886482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-texture","display_name":"Soil texture","score":0.5897862911224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.5417843461036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.5003759860992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4509246051311493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.41845694184303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.3896833062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3646138310432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.3268930912017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1666952669620514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1458425521850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11283531785011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10025128722190857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7463381886482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175963888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026010","display_name":"Soil texture","level":3,"score":0.5897862911224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5417843461036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5003759860992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4509246051311493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.41845694184303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3896833062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3646138310432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3268930912017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1666952669620514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1458425521850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11283531785011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10025128722190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5503/pdf?version=1667874707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca37fc8ee7d04da49d5cc3197808880c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca37fc8ee7d04da49d5cc3197808880c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 21, p 5503 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/21/5503/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 5503","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14215503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5503/pdf?version=1667874707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308121909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308121909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617470097","https://openalex.org/W1198169821","https://openalex.org/W1483167319","https://openalex.org/W1496830370","https://openalex.org/W1556000061","https://openalex.org/W1593102040","https://openalex.org/W1975454499","https://openalex.org/W1985887852","https://openalex.org/W1993670265","https://openalex.org/W2000652001","https://openalex.org/W2034971291","https://openalex.org/W2039250789","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2043577460","https://openalex.org/W2043830955","https://openalex.org/W2044499383","https://openalex.org/W2048925558","https://openalex.org/W2049231645","https://openalex.org/W2056496234","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2087616278","https://openalex.org/W2089922300","https://openalex.org/W2102467070","https://openalex.org/W2103219856","https://openalex.org/W2106112656","https://openalex.org/W2109074871","https://openalex.org/W2122854601","https://openalex.org/W2133707588","https://openalex.org/W2143618255","https://openalex.org/W2145020110","https://openalex.org/W2155544089","https://openalex.org/W2165977355","https://openalex.org/W2168338454","https://openalex.org/W2193194994","https://openalex.org/W2214717766","https://openalex.org/W2318775263","https://openalex.org/W2335948735","https://openalex.org/W2531803665","https://openalex.org/W2557771700","https://openalex.org/W2566310539","https://openalex.org/W2605867113","https://openalex.org/W2609531252","https://openalex.org/W2611049342","https://openalex.org/W2751844918","https://openalex.org/W2898801067","https://openalex.org/W2899945935","https://openalex.org/W2951205858","https://openalex.org/W3008797265","https://openalex.org/W3014571331","https://openalex.org/W3025477912","https://openalex.org/W3041705565","https://openalex.org/W3083321098","https://openalex.org/W3087331131","https://openalex.org/W3111145635","https://openalex.org/W3111622151","https://openalex.org/W3115462085","https://openalex.org/W3165734069","https://openalex.org/W3214709230","https://openalex.org/W4200110268","https://openalex.org/W4224210440","https://openalex.org/W6619376461","https://openalex.org/W6731096561","https://openalex.org/W6737456142","https://openalex.org/W6803167672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595357581","https://openalex.org/W3043929751","https://openalex.org/W2988796729","https://openalex.org/W3009931580","https://openalex.org/W3007285531","https://openalex.org/W2803956345","https://openalex.org/W2184479059","https://openalex.org/W2784869911","https://openalex.org/W2981430042","https://openalex.org/W1862662421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wildfires":[0],"are":[1,34,160,188],"predicted":[2],"to":[3,19,70,105,114,142,148,194,249],"occur":[4],"more":[5],"frequently":[6],"and":[7,24,77,86,89,125,136,173,176,181,185,225],"intensely":[8],"as":[9,120,200],"a":[10,16,50],"result":[11],"of":[12,49,158,233,268],"global":[13],"warming,":[14],"posing":[15],"greater":[17],"threat":[18],"human":[20],"society,":[21],"terrestrial":[22],"ecosystems,":[23],"the":[25,47,72,109,137,155,167,195,208,219,236,243],"atmosphere.":[26],"Most":[27],"existing":[28],"methods":[29],"for":[30,239],"monitoring":[31,58],"wildfire":[32,59,81,210,220],"occurrences":[33],"based":[35,253,261],"either":[36],"on":[37,255,262],"static":[38,110,197],"topographical":[39,138],"information":[40,130],"or":[41],"weather-based":[42],"indices.":[43],"This":[44],"work":[45],"explored":[46],"advantages":[48],"new":[51,128],"machine":[52,99],"learning-based":[53],"\u2018soil":[54],"properties\u2019":[55],"attribute":[56],"in":[57,61,190,212,222,242],"occurrence":[60],"Pakistan.":[62],"Specifically,":[63],"we":[64],"used":[65],"satellite":[66],"observations":[67,169],"during":[68],"2001\u20132020":[69],"investigate":[71],"correlation":[73,206,217],"at":[74,170],"different":[75],"temporal":[76,156],"spatial":[78],"scales":[79],"between":[80,184],"properties":[82,88,135,165,187,203,221,264],"(fire":[83],"count,":[84],"FC)":[85],"soil":[87,117,121,134,164,186,202,263],"classes":[90],"(SoilGrids1km)":[91],"derived":[92],"from":[93],"combination":[94],"with":[95,108,163,207,218],"local":[96],"covariates":[97],"using":[98,166],"learning.":[100],"The":[101],"correlations":[102],"were":[103,140],"compared":[104,193],"that":[106,229],"obtained":[107],"topographic":[111],"index":[112],"elevation":[113],"determine":[115],"whether":[116],"properties,":[118],"such":[119,199],"bulk":[122],"density,":[123],"taxonomy,":[124],"texture,":[126],"provide":[127],"independent":[129],"about":[131],"wildfires.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"indices":[139,234],"combined":[141],"establish":[143],"multivariate":[144,257],"linear":[145,250,258],"regression":[146,251,259],"models":[147,252,260],"estimate":[149],"FC.":[150,269],"Results":[151],"show":[152],"that:":[153],"(1)":[154],"variations":[157,183],"FC":[159],"negatively":[161],"correlated":[162],"monthly":[168],"1\u00b0":[171],"grid":[172],"regional":[174],"scales;":[175],"overall":[177],"opposite":[178],"annual":[179],"cycles":[180],"interannual":[182],"observed":[189],"Pakistan;":[191,224],"(2)":[192],"other":[196],"variables":[198],"elevation,":[201,256],"shows":[204],"stronger":[205],"temperate":[209],"count":[211],"Northern":[213],"Pakistan":[214],"but":[215],"weaker":[216],"Southern":[223],"it":[226],"is":[227],"found":[228],"combining":[230],"both":[231],"types":[232],"enhances":[235],"explained":[237],"variance":[238],"fire":[240],"attributes":[241],"two":[244],"regions;":[245],"(3)":[246],"In":[247],"comparison":[248],"solely":[254],"offer":[265],"superior":[266],"estimates":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2022-11-08T00:00:00"}
