{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307206400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205225","title":"ELCD: Efficient Lunar Crater Detection Based on Attention Mechanisms and Multiscale Feature Fusion Networks from Digital Elevation Models","display_name":"ELCD: Efficient Lunar Crater Detection Based on Attention Mechanisms and Multiscale Feature Fusion Networks from Digital Elevation Models","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307206400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205225","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5225/pdf?version=1666171878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5225/pdf?version=1666171878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020446220","display_name":"Lili Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-3762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lili Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-3762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347995","display_name":"Jiabin Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-1440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabin Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023916132","display_name":"Keke Zha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-102X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keke Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015776813","display_name":"Xunan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7346-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020446220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.1111,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86724306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5225","last_page":"5225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-crater","display_name":"Impact crater","score":0.9599221348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.639689028263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5863750576972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.56156986951828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.527230441570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5186521410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5125753283500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5035883784294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.46175575256347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45523691177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.08119738101959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07679727673530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07055920362472534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179537507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55818","display_name":"Impact crater","level":2,"score":0.9599221348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.639689028263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5863750576972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.56156986951828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.527230441570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5186521410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5125753283500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5035883784294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.46175575256347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45523691177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.08119738101959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07679727673530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07055920362472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205225","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5225/pdf?version=1666171878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e43ceb69d9b47d99ef478c4fd1ff489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e43ceb69d9b47d99ef478c4fd1ff489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5225 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5225/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5225","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205225","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5225/pdf?version=1666171878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2415668810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307206400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307206400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1100968874","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1928240765","https://openalex.org/W1969819425","https://openalex.org/W1979139959","https://openalex.org/W2015159529","https://openalex.org/W2028201487","https://openalex.org/W2060300295","https://openalex.org/W2082364564","https://openalex.org/W2085981693","https://openalex.org/W2087439527","https://openalex.org/W2119168155","https://openalex.org/W2139034491","https://openalex.org/W2148848671","https://openalex.org/W2294479402","https://openalex.org/W2519748279","https://openalex.org/W2613238226","https://openalex.org/W2769010475","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2791349345","https://openalex.org/W2792008101","https://openalex.org/W2864198995","https://openalex.org/W2893801697","https://openalex.org/W2899763405","https://openalex.org/W2910468451","https://openalex.org/W2935279002","https://openalex.org/W2949184598","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963419596","https://openalex.org/W2964037464","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3080509309","https://openalex.org/W3093639989","https://openalex.org/W3110386488","https://openalex.org/W3113927154","https://openalex.org/W3134592757","https://openalex.org/W3135705905","https://openalex.org/W3192142973","https://openalex.org/W3194879524","https://openalex.org/W3211163084","https://openalex.org/W4200495849","https://openalex.org/W4205892025","https://openalex.org/W4221084397","https://openalex.org/W4250534264","https://openalex.org/W4280625731","https://openalex.org/W4283067797","https://openalex.org/W4283783320","https://openalex.org/W6786337969","https://openalex.org/W6791392777","https://openalex.org/W6800021453","https://openalex.org/W6800393446","https://openalex.org/W6838744863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2625809971","https://openalex.org/W1663847441","https://openalex.org/W2768493687","https://openalex.org/W2170886505","https://openalex.org/W1969484083","https://openalex.org/W2743845306","https://openalex.org/W2792375831","https://openalex.org/W2386713424","https://openalex.org/W4382051772","https://openalex.org/W3170601672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,188,205,249],"detection":[1,29,62,76,214,224,230],"and":[2,17,36,49,52,63,116,147,216,259,270],"counting":[3],"of":[4,13,20,23,54,61,114,136,150,261,273,280],"lunar":[5,74,90,198],"impact":[6],"craters":[7,91,238,275],"are":[8,31,41,174],"crucial":[9],"for":[10,43],"the":[11,18,21,24,59,65,110,133,137,142,145,148,151,166,171,177,182,193,203,257,271,278,281],"selection":[12],"detector":[14],"landing":[15,268],"sites":[16],"estimation":[19],"age":[22],"Moon.":[25],"However,":[26],"traditional":[27],"crater":[28,50,75,83,152,156,172,183,199,223,229],"methods":[30],"based":[32,79],"on":[33,58,80,192],"machine":[34],"learning":[35],"image":[37],"processing":[38],"technologies.":[39],"These":[40],"inefficient":[42],"situations":[44],"with":[45,220,227],"different":[46,127],"distributions,":[47],"overlaps,":[48],"sizes,":[51],"most":[53,228],"them":[55],"mainly":[56],"focus":[57],"accuracy":[60,215,258],"ignore":[64],"efficiency.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"an":[72,154],"efficient":[73,155],"(ELCD)":[77],"algorithm":[78,251],"a":[81,101,117,212],"novel":[82],"edge":[84,157,184],"segmentation":[85,158],"network":[86,167,178],"(AFNet)":[87],"to":[88,108,131,164,201,242,255],"detect":[89],"from":[92,176],"digital":[93],"elevation":[94],"model":[95],"(DEM)":[96],"data.":[97],"First,":[98],"in":[99,144,265],"AFNet,":[100],"lightweight":[102],"attention":[103],"mechanism":[104],"module":[105,122],"is":[106,123,162],"introduced":[107],"enhance":[109],"feature":[111,120,129],"extract":[112],"capabilities":[113],"networks,":[115],"new":[118,274],"multiscale":[119],"fusion":[121],"designed":[124,163],"by":[125,181],"fusing":[126],"multi-level":[128],"maps":[130],"reduce":[132],"information":[134],"loss":[135,159],"output":[138,179],"map.":[139],"Then,":[140],"considering":[141],"imbalance":[143],"classification":[146],"distributions":[149],"data,":[153,235],"function":[160],"(CESL)":[161],"improve":[165,256],"optimization":[168],"performance.":[169],"Lastly,":[170],"positions":[173],"obtained":[175],"map":[180],"extraction":[185],"(CEA)":[186],"algorithm.":[187],"experiment":[189],"was":[190],"conducted":[191],"PyTorch":[194],"platform":[195],"using":[196],"two":[197],"catalogs":[200],"evaluate":[202],"ELCD.":[204],"experimental":[206],"results":[207],"show":[208],"that":[209,232,245],"ELCD":[210],"has":[211],"superior":[213],"inference":[217],"speed":[218,260],"compared":[219],"other":[221],"state-of-the-art":[222],"algorithms.":[225],"As":[226],"models":[231],"use":[233],"DEM":[234],"some":[236],"small":[237],"may":[239],"be":[240,243,247,253],"considered":[241],"noise":[244],"cannot":[246],"detected.":[248],"proposed":[250],"can":[252,276],"used":[254],"deep":[262],"space":[263],"probes":[264],"detecting":[266],"candidate":[267],"sites,":[269],"discovery":[272],"increase":[277],"size":[279],"original":[282],"data":[283],"set.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2022-10-30T00:00:00"}
