{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306769501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205217","title":"Empirical Examinations of Whether Rural Population Decline Improves the Rural Eco-Environmental Quality in a Chinese Context","display_name":"Empirical Examinations of Whether Rural Population Decline Improves the Rural Eco-Environmental Quality in a Chinese Context","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306769501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5217/pdf?version=1666688029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5217/pdf?version=1666688029","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412077","display_name":"Zhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9215-8571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China","Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100412077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1336,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76553698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5217","last_page":"5217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12253","display_name":"Urban Agriculture and Sustainability","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6449589729309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6002771258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.580188512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.566521406173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-area","display_name":"Rural area","score":0.5535507798194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomics","display_name":"Socioeconomics","score":0.5177758932113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4907780587673187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline","display_name":"Population decline","score":0.4645032584667206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-quality","display_name":"Environmental quality","score":0.4244767427444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.4187013506889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-population","display_name":"Rural population","score":0.4106173515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection","display_name":"Environmental protection","score":0.39431869983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.3017667829990387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.15344730019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1331903338432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10336768627166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07828712463378906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6449589729309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6002771258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.580188512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.566521406173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.5535507798194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5177758932113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4907780587673187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779860289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284137","display_name":"Population decline","level":3,"score":0.4645032584667206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70798638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4575211","display_name":"Environmental quality","level":2,"score":0.4244767427444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4187013506889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994082534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural population","level":3,"score":0.4106173515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.39431869983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3017667829990387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.15344730019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1331903338432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10336768627166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07828712463378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5217/pdf?version=1666688029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c001d7fa6854062a73a9a4bd1a53797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c001d7fa6854062a73a9a4bd1a53797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5217 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5217/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5217","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5217/pdf?version=1666688029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3919394970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907464522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306769501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306769501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192495678","https://openalex.org/W243318049","https://openalex.org/W623732903","https://openalex.org/W1963936491","https://openalex.org/W1965174736","https://openalex.org/W1971466396","https://openalex.org/W1971897549","https://openalex.org/W2003482806","https://openalex.org/W2036335914","https://openalex.org/W2058963764","https://openalex.org/W2115687032","https://openalex.org/W2130687369","https://openalex.org/W2158692170","https://openalex.org/W2189878971","https://openalex.org/W2217241960","https://openalex.org/W2306927540","https://openalex.org/W2388307611","https://openalex.org/W2594425800","https://openalex.org/W2611968904","https://openalex.org/W2624534536","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W2755053828","https://openalex.org/W2758965913","https://openalex.org/W2896591994","https://openalex.org/W2898760557","https://openalex.org/W2903060035","https://openalex.org/W2921355300","https://openalex.org/W2947017190","https://openalex.org/W2978953421","https://openalex.org/W2989145479","https://openalex.org/W3025434043","https://openalex.org/W3067196047","https://openalex.org/W3080633993","https://openalex.org/W3122038342","https://openalex.org/W3174321653","https://openalex.org/W3208245672","https://openalex.org/W4210255003","https://openalex.org/W4211252349","https://openalex.org/W4220940100","https://openalex.org/W4282984378","https://openalex.org/W4283120572","https://openalex.org/W4283264757","https://openalex.org/W4283314076","https://openalex.org/W4285596788","https://openalex.org/W4290755553","https://openalex.org/W4292295399","https://openalex.org/W4293213551","https://openalex.org/W4293661200","https://openalex.org/W4297236484","https://openalex.org/W6986603075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354222596","https://openalex.org/W2392291083","https://openalex.org/W2353135038","https://openalex.org/W4285169590","https://openalex.org/W3195604900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rural":[0],"population":[1,40,92,109,118,174,187],"has":[2],"continually":[3],"declined":[4],"in":[5,13,71,128,139,145,159,166,210],"response":[6],"to":[7,67,83,126],"the":[8,16,35,62,69,72,78,88,103,112,116,132,136,142,146,160,167,177],"rapid":[9],"urbanization":[10],"process":[11],"occurring":[12],"China,":[14],"and":[15,48,169,184,191,213],"related":[17],"negative":[18],"socioeconomic":[19],"impacts":[20,89,181],"on":[21,61,94,198],"rural":[22,39,73,91,108,117,173,186,211],"development":[23],"have":[24,33],"attracted":[25],"considerable":[26],"attention":[27],"from":[28,81,124],"scholars.":[29],"Currently,":[30],"few":[31],"studies":[32],"investigated":[34],"eco-environmental":[36,63,74,192],"impact":[37],"of":[38,90,102,131,141],"decline.":[41],"By":[42],"employing":[43],"remote-sensing":[44],"data,":[45,54],"including":[46],"land-use":[47],"normalized":[49],"difference":[50],"vegetation":[51],"index":[52,65],"(NDVI)":[53],"this":[55],"study":[56],"proposed":[57],"a":[58,157,205],"method":[59],"based":[60],"quality":[64,75],"(EQI)":[66],"measure":[68],"changes":[70],"(REQ)":[76],"at":[77],"prefectural":[79],"level":[80],"2000":[82],"2020.":[84],"Then,":[85],"we":[86],"examined":[87],"decline":[93,110,158,175],"REQ":[95,137,199],"variations.":[96,200],"We":[97],"found":[98],"that":[99,155],"(1)":[100],"most":[101,140],"research":[104,113,133],"units":[105,154],"experienced":[106,156],"continuous":[107],"during":[111],"period,":[114],"with":[115],"density":[119],"declining":[120],"more":[121],"than":[122],"25%":[123],"2010":[125],"2020":[127],"approximately":[129],"half":[130],"units;":[134],"(2)":[135],"improved":[138,176],"units,":[143],"especially":[144],"western":[147],"region,":[148],"but":[149,179],"there":[150],"were":[151,163],"still":[152],"many":[153],"REQ,":[161,178],"which":[162],"primarily":[164],"concentrated":[165],"coastal":[168],"central":[170],"regions;":[171],"(3)":[172],"its":[180],"varied":[182],"regionally;":[183],"(4)":[185],"density,":[188],"natural":[189],"factors,":[190],"protection":[193],"programs":[194],"had":[195],"significant":[196],"influences":[197],"These":[201],"findings":[202],"may":[203],"provide":[204],"reference":[206],"for":[207],"sustainable-development":[208],"policies":[209],"China":[212],"other":[214],"developing":[215],"countries.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
