{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306770648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205210","title":"Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Cloud Detection on VEN\u03bcS Images over Multiple Land-Cover Types","display_name":"Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Cloud Detection on VEN\u03bcS Images over Multiple Land-Cover Types","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306770648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5210/pdf?version=1666091425","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5210/pdf?version=1666091425","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078185748","display_name":"Ond\u0159ej Pe\u0161ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ond\u0159ej Pe\u0161ek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081539115","display_name":"Michal Segal\u2010Rozenhaimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109616","display_name":"Bay Area Environmental Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/024tt5x58","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800713631","display_name":"NASA Research Park","ror":"https://ror.org/04hccab49","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I2800713631","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 940 35, USA","Department of Geophysics, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 699 78, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 940 35, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800713631","https://openalex.org/I4210109616","https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geophysics, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 699 78, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046118767","display_name":"Arnon Karnieli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-9793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnon Karnieli","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Remote Sensing Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Remote Sensing Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078185748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87690204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5210","last_page":"5210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7000904679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6702361106872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6339829564094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5324906706809998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4715198278427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.46491461992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4197940528392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2986227869987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.19409677386283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1544753611087799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08340027928352356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7000904679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6702361106872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6339829564094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5324906706809998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4715198278427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.46491461992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4197940528392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2986227869987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.19409677386283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1544753611087799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08340027928352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5210/pdf?version=1666091425","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ba590a0866d43f48c360e47ee882924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ba590a0866d43f48c360e47ee882924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5210 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5210/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5210","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5210/pdf?version=1666091425","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306770648.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306770648.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100520965","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1942214758","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2001599060","https://openalex.org/W2024316425","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028191110","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2030851497","https://openalex.org/W2045470555","https://openalex.org/W2048141283","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2063446453","https://openalex.org/W2063983001","https://openalex.org/W2085282193","https://openalex.org/W2100330973","https://openalex.org/W2132513126","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167783135","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2548491386","https://openalex.org/W2566939218","https://openalex.org/W2605495192","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2748715875","https://openalex.org/W2788767722","https://openalex.org/W2801061313","https://openalex.org/W2901919187","https://openalex.org/W2910101086","https://openalex.org/W2912265583","https://openalex.org/W2914757358","https://openalex.org/W2923782278","https://openalex.org/W2927122915","https://openalex.org/W2954503794","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2979481925","https://openalex.org/W2992697992","https://openalex.org/W3016537533","https://openalex.org/W3027542479","https://openalex.org/W3039086093","https://openalex.org/W3087122056","https://openalex.org/W3169067682","https://openalex.org/W3171506667","https://openalex.org/W3194482819","https://openalex.org/W3195864882","https://openalex.org/W3202864385","https://openalex.org/W4200068521","https://openalex.org/W4205777180","https://openalex.org/W4255822925","https://openalex.org/W4283387862","https://openalex.org/W4292260543","https://openalex.org/W4296580612","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6731574159","https://openalex.org/W6796482526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W4205376403","https://openalex.org/W2331410275","https://openalex.org/W1537861260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"most":[1,180],"parts":[2],"of":[3,49,77,88,151,157,160,209,228],"the":[4,24,47,78,86,102,146,149,172,177,201,210,214,221],"electromagnetic":[5],"spectrum,":[6],"solar":[7],"radiation":[8],"cannot":[9],"penetrate":[10],"clouds.":[11],"Therefore,":[12],"cloud":[13],"detection":[14,224],"and":[15,26,36,84,96,122,129,230],"masking":[16],"are":[17],"essential":[18],"in":[19,33,101,113,179,200],"image":[20],"preprocessing":[21],"for":[22,43,98,163,193],"observing":[23],"Earth":[25],"analyzing":[27],"its":[28,190],"properties.":[29],"Because":[30],"clouds":[31,100],"vary":[32],"size,":[34],"shape,":[35],"structure,":[37],"an":[38,234],"accurate":[39],"algorithm":[40,218],"is":[41,53,81,205],"required":[42],"removing":[44],"them":[45],"from":[46],"area":[48],"interest.":[50],"This":[51],"task":[52],"usually":[54],"more":[55],"challenging":[56],"over":[57,68],"bright":[58,142],"surfaces":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61,132,134],"exposed":[62],"sunny":[63],"deserts":[64],"or":[65,71],"snow":[66],"than":[67],"water":[69,135],"bodies":[70],"vegetated":[72],"surfaces.":[73,144],"The":[74,117],"overarching":[75],"goal":[76],"current":[79,215],"study":[80,147],"to":[82],"explore":[83],"compare":[85],"performance":[87],"three":[89,110],"Convolutional":[90],"Neural":[91],"Network":[92],"architectures":[93,162,212],"(U-Net,":[94],"SegNet,":[95],"DeepLab)":[97],"detecting":[99],"VEN\u03bcS":[103,111,216],"satellite":[104,195],"images.":[105],"To":[106],"fulfil":[107],"this":[108],"goal,":[109],"tiles":[112,118],"Israel":[114],"were":[115],"selected.":[116],"represent":[119],"different":[120,164],"land-use":[121],"cover":[123],"categories,":[124],"including":[125],"vegetated,":[126],"urban,":[127],"agricultural,":[128],"arid":[130],"areas,":[131],"well":[133],"bodies,":[136],"with":[137,240],"a":[138,185],"special":[139],"focus":[140],"on":[141,184],"desert":[143],"Additionally,":[145],"examines":[148],"effect":[150],"various":[152],"channel":[153],"inputs,":[154],"exploring":[155],"possibilities":[156],"broader":[158],"usage":[159],"these":[161],"data":[165],"sources.":[166],"It":[167,204],"was":[168],"found":[169],"that":[170,207],"among":[171],"tested":[173,211],"architectures,":[174],"U-Net":[175],"performs":[176],"best":[178],"settings.":[181],"Its":[182],"results":[183],"simple":[186],"RGB-based":[187],"dataset":[188],"indicate":[189],"potential":[191],"value":[192],"any":[194,237],"system":[196],"screening,":[197],"at":[198],"least":[199],"visible":[202],"spectrum.":[203],"concluded":[206],"all":[208],"outperform":[213],"cloud-masking":[217],"by":[219,226,236],"lowering":[220],"false":[222],"positive":[223],"ratio":[225],"tens":[227],"percents,":[229],"should":[231],"be":[232],"considered":[233],"alternative":[235],"user":[238],"dealing":[239],"cloud-corrupted":[241],"scenes.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
