{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306673645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205199","title":"The Influence of Image Degradation on Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"The Influence of Image Degradation on Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306673645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5199/pdf?version=1666608718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5199/pdf?version=1666608718","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103257469","display_name":"Congyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","Key Laboratory of Visual Perception and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Visual Perception and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332668","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-5137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379556","display_name":"Xinxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-2334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","Key Laboratory of Visual Perception and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Visual Perception and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067097659","display_name":"Shutao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-9848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shutao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","Key Laboratory of Visual Perception and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Visual Perception and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100379556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86608719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5199","last_page":"5199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9591606855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7090358734130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6015245318412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5208873748779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4441211521625519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.43071362376213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42839500308036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39067399501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3859592080116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06870085000991821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9591606855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7090358734130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6015245318412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5208873748779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4441211521625519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43071362376213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42839500308036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39067399501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3859592080116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06870085000991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5199/pdf?version=1666608718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34494f6e455642ce99f26360b94e9126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34494f6e455642ce99f26360b94e9126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5199 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5199/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5199","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5199/pdf?version=1666608718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1085509035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1173771522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ40054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2027762821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61890962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449486069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5457307344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7119888380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GK2038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306673645.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306673645.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39428922","https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1541667274","https://openalex.org/W1596986901","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1939429412","https://openalex.org/W1966580635","https://openalex.org/W1985973695","https://openalex.org/W1990231296","https://openalex.org/W1998030734","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2016819955","https://openalex.org/W2016860790","https://openalex.org/W2029061115","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2035773017","https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W2044439250","https://openalex.org/W2045095960","https://openalex.org/W2052160904","https://openalex.org/W2062993267","https://openalex.org/W2078296814","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097915756","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2103094532","https://openalex.org/W2110940063","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2131864940","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2136604679","https://openalex.org/W2138645719","https://openalex.org/W2141954338","https://openalex.org/W2146212169","https://openalex.org/W2152470023","https://openalex.org/W2156366154","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2162698522","https://openalex.org/W2164014335","https://openalex.org/W2164330327","https://openalex.org/W2165802701","https://openalex.org/W2166923144","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2252574053","https://openalex.org/W2256362396","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2326587421","https://openalex.org/W2345557152","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2599078391","https://openalex.org/W2603834682","https://openalex.org/W2613575128","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2761333220","https://openalex.org/W2764108700","https://openalex.org/W2767511704","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2768345624","https://openalex.org/W2771666798","https://openalex.org/W2778152219","https://openalex.org/W2780544323","https://openalex.org/W2782517596","https://openalex.org/W2793218933","https://openalex.org/W2794648824","https://openalex.org/W2804744787","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W2894165434","https://openalex.org/W2901424824","https://openalex.org/W2901807228","https://openalex.org/W2910136527","https://openalex.org/W2945202593","https://openalex.org/W2947058136","https://openalex.org/W2962770389","https://openalex.org/W2966541484","https://openalex.org/W2974066798","https://openalex.org/W2992438562","https://openalex.org/W2999728812","https://openalex.org/W3003247314","https://openalex.org/W3093769730","https://openalex.org/W3098388691","https://openalex.org/W3100318455","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3131885763","https://openalex.org/W3139745482","https://openalex.org/W3190927651","https://openalex.org/W3205474496","https://openalex.org/W6601593943","https://openalex.org/W6650842192","https://openalex.org/W6784725229","https://openalex.org/W6799751579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W1991437568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,8,50,76,98,174,198],"hyperspectral":[3,10,37,46,54,99,172,203,222],"remote":[4],"sensing":[5],"techniques,":[6,13],"especially":[7],"the":[9,28,66,93,103,135,147,168,186],"image":[11,47,61,100,139,152,157,179],"classification":[12,30,67,101,121,129,175,189,218],"have":[14,32,40],"provided":[15],"efficient":[16],"support":[17],"for":[18,35,195,220],"recognizing":[19],"and":[20,39,79,117,131,154,163,185,209,216],"analyzing":[21],"ground":[22],"objects.":[23],"To":[24],"date,":[25],"most":[26],"of":[27,60,95,108,128,138,149,170,188],"existing":[29],"techniques":[31],"been":[33],"designed":[34],"ideal":[36],"images":[38,55],"verified":[41],"their":[42],"effectiveness":[43],"on":[44],"high-quality":[45,202],"datasets.":[48],"However,":[49],"real":[51,156,199],"applications,":[52],"available":[53],"often":[56],"contain":[57],"varying":[58],"degrees":[59],"degradation.":[62,158],"Whether":[63],"or":[64],"not":[65],"accuracy":[68],"will":[69,82],"be":[70,83],"reduced":[71,84],"due":[72],"to":[73,133,178,207,212],"degradation":[74,106,140,153,181,183],"problems":[75,107],"input":[77],"data,":[78],"how":[80],"it":[81],"become":[85],"interesting":[86],"questions.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"explore":[92],"effects":[94,169],"degraded":[96,171,221],"inputs":[97],"including":[102],"five":[104],"typical":[105],"low":[109],"spatial":[110],"resolution,":[111],"Gaussian":[112],"noise,":[113,115],"stripe":[114],"fog,":[116],"shadow.":[118],"Seven":[119],"representative":[120],"methods":[122,130,219],"are":[123,143,176,205],"chosen":[124],"from":[125,146,161],"different":[126],"categories":[127],"applied":[132],"analyze":[134],"specific":[136],"influences":[137],"problems.":[141],"Experiments":[142],"carried":[144],"out":[145],"aspects":[148],"single-type":[150],"synthetic":[151,162],"mixed-type":[155],"Consistent":[159],"results":[160],"real-data":[164],"experiments":[165],"show":[166],"that":[167],"data":[173,204],"related":[177],"features,":[180],"types,":[182],"degrees,":[184],"characteristics":[187],"methods.":[190],"This":[191],"provides":[192],"constructive":[193],"information":[194],"method":[196],"selection":[197],"applications":[200],"where":[201],"difficult":[206],"obtain":[208],"encourages":[210],"researchers":[211],"develop":[213],"more":[214],"stable":[215],"effective":[217],"images.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}