{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306398684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205158","title":"Spatially Continuous Mapping of Forest Canopy Height in Canada by Combining GEDI and ICESat-2 with PALSAR and Sentinel","display_name":"Spatially Continuous Mapping of Forest Canopy Height in Canada by Combining GEDI and ICESat-2 with PALSAR and Sentinel","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306398684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205158","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5158/pdf?version=1666665212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5158/pdf?version=1666665212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019935408","display_name":"Camile S\u00f6the","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-3838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Camile Sothe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051790691","display_name":"Alemu Gonsamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alemu Gonsamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085638233","display_name":"Ricardo Barros Louren\u00e7o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-3244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo B. Louren\u00e7o","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034291628","display_name":"Werner A. Kurz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-7849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281735042","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Werner A. Kurz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071111909","display_name":"James Snider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I288498992","display_name":"World Wildlife Fund Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/020tdv696","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I288498992","https://openalex.org/I4210094122"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Snider","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, ON M5V 1S8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, ON M5V 1S8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I288498992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019935408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.1456,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9779995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5158","last_page":"5158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8704177141189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7270047664642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.6956204175949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6676760315895081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.5270086526870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.47561198472976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.4311128258705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.424673855304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2962276339530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.2777327001094818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0746401846408844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8704177141189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7270047664642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.6956204175949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6676760315895081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.5270086526870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.47561198472976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.4311128258705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.424673855304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2962276339530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.2777327001094818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0746401846408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205158","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5158/pdf?version=1666665212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:350c464ba11c478dafc6fd4ddb3df146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/350c464ba11c478dafc6fd4ddb3df146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5158 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5158/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5158","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205158","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5158/pdf?version=1666665212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4579946767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2020-05,708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7637534160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ALLRP 566310-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306398684.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306398684.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1430220953","https://openalex.org/W1819992086","https://openalex.org/W1979144473","https://openalex.org/W1981263865","https://openalex.org/W1995602130","https://openalex.org/W2014187500","https://openalex.org/W2022224360","https://openalex.org/W2033854784","https://openalex.org/W2058731966","https://openalex.org/W2078607270","https://openalex.org/W2093540905","https://openalex.org/W2099668548","https://openalex.org/W2110221217","https://openalex.org/W2121853134","https://openalex.org/W2125364413","https://openalex.org/W2136417393","https://openalex.org/W2136830425","https://openalex.org/W2137933418","https://openalex.org/W2143010534","https://openalex.org/W2157038072","https://openalex.org/W2157395790","https://openalex.org/W2165928873","https://openalex.org/W2175587221","https://openalex.org/W2333210606","https://openalex.org/W2439576902","https://openalex.org/W2460092549","https://openalex.org/W2462610241","https://openalex.org/W2557040271","https://openalex.org/W2584181319","https://openalex.org/W2604292667","https://openalex.org/W2612461531","https://openalex.org/W2622210263","https://openalex.org/W2726797527","https://openalex.org/W2743875756","https://openalex.org/W2750681831","https://openalex.org/W2767594761","https://openalex.org/W2790602384","https://openalex.org/W2796021728","https://openalex.org/W2886463967","https://openalex.org/W2900842202","https://openalex.org/W2901674962","https://openalex.org/W2905311269","https://openalex.org/W2906751493","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915841000","https://openalex.org/W2928790886","https://openalex.org/W2953081360","https://openalex.org/W2955389166","https://openalex.org/W2973049108","https://openalex.org/W2984594085","https://openalex.org/W3014417423","https://openalex.org/W3025652605","https://openalex.org/W3033650189","https://openalex.org/W3033817632","https://openalex.org/W3082500559","https://openalex.org/W3089412685","https://openalex.org/W3091428573","https://openalex.org/W3094643344","https://openalex.org/W3097887314","https://openalex.org/W3102027041","https://openalex.org/W3106486436","https://openalex.org/W3111227849","https://openalex.org/W3117603577","https://openalex.org/W3131911760","https://openalex.org/W3158200282","https://openalex.org/W3178577652","https://openalex.org/W3201816365","https://openalex.org/W3209176285","https://openalex.org/W3212559463","https://openalex.org/W4205364480","https://openalex.org/W4210502950","https://openalex.org/W4211090872","https://openalex.org/W4214747926","https://openalex.org/W4220839145","https://openalex.org/W4220910376","https://openalex.org/W4224243638","https://openalex.org/W4236261977","https://openalex.org/W4281395423","https://openalex.org/W4293250591","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6735132182","https://openalex.org/W6742731793","https://openalex.org/W6778849655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164484807","https://openalex.org/W2081468532","https://openalex.org/W2186192402","https://openalex.org/W2045211767","https://openalex.org/W2056219210","https://openalex.org/W2383716249","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W4386506415","https://openalex.org/W2497950047","https://openalex.org/W1998329507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"large-scale":[1],"mapping":[2],"of":[3,133,200,213,231,264],"forest":[4,13,17,46,59,122],"canopy":[5,60,123,151,180,239,258,288],"height":[6,61,124,152,181,289],"is":[7],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,72,156,174,242,291],"estimating":[10],"and":[11,19,38,78,93,138,143,145,163,203,206,216,224,296],"reporting":[12],"carbon":[14],"content,":[15],"analyzing":[16],"degradation":[18],"restoration,":[20],"or":[21,272],"to":[22,44,57,107,148,184,256,268,285],"model":[23],"ecosystem":[24],"variables":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,221],"aboveground":[28],"biomass.":[29],"Over":[30],"the":[31,34,84,87,131,157,232,237,252,261],"last":[32],"years,":[33],"spaceborne":[35,88,113,135],"Light":[36],"Detection":[37],"Ranging":[39],"(LiDAR)":[40],"sensor":[41],"specifically":[42],"designed":[43],"acquire":[45],"structure":[47],"information,":[48,118],"Global":[49],"Ecosystem":[50],"Dynamics":[51],"Investigation":[52],"(GEDI),":[53],"has":[54,68],"been":[55],"used":[56,173,283],"extract":[58],"information":[62],"over":[63],"large":[64],"areas.":[65],"Yet,":[66],"GEDI":[67,137,188,223,295],"no":[69,227],"spatial":[70],"coverage":[71,101,228],"most":[73,230,253],"forested":[74,109],"areas":[75,292],"in":[76,154,182,229,266],"Canada":[77,155],"other":[79,85],"high":[80],"latitude":[81],"regions.":[82],"On":[83],"hand,":[86],"LiDAR":[89,114,165,170],"called":[90],"Ice,":[91],"Cloud,":[92],"Land":[94],"Elevation":[95],"Satellite-2":[96],"(ICESat-2)":[97],"provides":[98],"a":[99,168,190,196,207],"global":[100],"but":[102,187],"was":[103,251],"not":[104],"specially":[105],"developed":[106],"study":[108,129],"ecosystems.":[110],"Nonetheless,":[111],"both":[112,134,222],"sensors":[115],"obtain":[116],"point-based":[117],"making":[119],"spatially":[120],"continuous":[121,150],"estimation":[125],"very":[126],"challenging.":[127],"This":[128],"compared":[130],"performance":[132,192],"LiDAR,":[136],"ICESat-2,":[139],"combined":[140],"with":[141,195],"ALOS-2/PALSAR-2":[142],"Sentinel-1":[144,271],"-2":[146],"data":[147,274],"produce":[149,286],"maps":[153,178,290],"year":[158],"2020.":[159],"A":[160],"set-aside":[161],"dataset":[162],"airborne":[164],"(ALS)":[166],"from":[167,270,275],"national":[169],"campaign":[171],"were":[172],"accuracy":[175],"assessment.":[176],"Both":[177],"overestimated":[179],"relation":[183],"ALS":[185,225],"data,":[186],"had":[189],"better":[191,245],"than":[193,246],"ICESat-2":[194,235,297],"mean":[197,209],"difference":[198],"(MD)":[199],"0.9":[201],"m":[202,215],"2.9":[204],"m,":[205,218],"root":[208],"square":[210],"error":[211],"(RMSE)":[212],"4.2":[214],"5.2":[217],"respectively.":[219],"However,":[220],"have":[226],"hemi-boreal":[233],"forests,":[234],"captures":[236],"tall":[238],"heights":[240],"expected":[241],"these":[243],"forests":[244],"GEDI.":[247],"PALSAR-2":[248],"HV":[249],"polarization":[250],"important":[254],"covariate":[255],"predict":[257],"height,":[259],"showing":[260],"great":[262],"potential":[263],"L-band":[265],"comparison":[267],"C-band":[269],"optical":[273],"Sentinel-2.":[276],"The":[277],"approach":[278],"proposed":[279],"here":[280],"can":[281],"be":[282],"operationally":[284],"annual":[287],"that":[293],"lack":[294],"coverage.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
