{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306399510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205149","title":"Intra-Pulse Frequency Coding Design for a High-Resolution Radar against Smart Noise Jamming","display_name":"Intra-Pulse Frequency Coding Design for a High-Resolution Radar against Smart Noise Jamming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306399510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5149/pdf?version=1666667314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5149/pdf?version=1666667314","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084913966","display_name":"Rongyan Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-3843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongyan Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-3843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001371722","display_name":"Dingyou Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-254X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingyou Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408587","display_name":"Xiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-4631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435939","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-805X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100728989","display_name":"Yimin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-1268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78892429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5149","last_page":"5149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.8262491226196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8102147579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6919203400611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6350978016853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-jamming-and-deception","display_name":"Radar jamming and deception","score":0.59007328748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.4960518777370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4906245768070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.4529905617237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4463273882865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43608325719833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-compression","display_name":"Pulse compression","score":0.43573880195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3477798104286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27719739079475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.21373355388641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15672001242637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13393372297286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11810389161109924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.8262491226196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8102147579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6919203400611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6350978016853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176381164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486507","display_name":"Radar jamming and deception","level":5,"score":0.59007328748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.4960518777370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4906245768070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.4529905617237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4463273882865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43608325719833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145995521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639897","display_name":"Pulse compression","level":3,"score":0.43573880195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3477798104286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27719739079475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.21373355388641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15672001242637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13393372297286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11810389161109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5149/pdf?version=1666667314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e77310a1e104a8ab811f7880a6e38c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e77310a1e104a8ab811f7880a6e38c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5149 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5149/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5149","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5149/pdf?version=1666667314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306399510.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306399510.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174665412","https://openalex.org/W1567608134","https://openalex.org/W2019079083","https://openalex.org/W2021802922","https://openalex.org/W2028868041","https://openalex.org/W2046546835","https://openalex.org/W2082476922","https://openalex.org/W2103278665","https://openalex.org/W2126016642","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2154992791","https://openalex.org/W2290635391","https://openalex.org/W2291586294","https://openalex.org/W2546383544","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2601083472","https://openalex.org/W2609973929","https://openalex.org/W2762017985","https://openalex.org/W2803285976","https://openalex.org/W2911511970","https://openalex.org/W2946727659","https://openalex.org/W2953997599","https://openalex.org/W2981350014","https://openalex.org/W2983131442","https://openalex.org/W3011852478","https://openalex.org/W3012069045","https://openalex.org/W3029486536","https://openalex.org/W3118531153","https://openalex.org/W3122145061","https://openalex.org/W3179931322","https://openalex.org/W3194693545","https://openalex.org/W3204124338","https://openalex.org/W3213339173","https://openalex.org/W4213012254","https://openalex.org/W6607051068","https://openalex.org/W6633676996","https://openalex.org/W6751206323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371892896","https://openalex.org/W2357638088","https://openalex.org/W1549680088","https://openalex.org/W2382058463","https://openalex.org/W3127329758","https://openalex.org/W2494723257","https://openalex.org/W2025025237","https://openalex.org/W2335856328","https://openalex.org/W2380772617","https://openalex.org/W2466110331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"noise":[1,72,207],"jamming":[2,5,46,76,116,149,187],"forms":[3],"active":[4],"by":[6,123,132],"intercepting,":[7],"modulating,":[8],"and":[9,35,66,128,151,171,176,203],"forwarding":[10],"radar":[11,15,21,43],"signals":[12,92],"into":[13],"the":[14,20,45,70,75,78,95,108,113,120,125,140,145,161,164,168,173,177,186,195,200],"receiver,":[16],"which":[17,58,86,94],"seriously":[18],"affects":[19],"range":[22,38,109,121,162,182,196],"recovery":[23,39,110,183,197],"performance.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,49,118,143],"propose":[29,50,152],"a":[30,82,133,153],"novel":[31],"waveform":[32,56,80,114,127,175,202],"design":[33],"approach":[34],"an":[36,51],"efficient":[37],"method":[40,158,179,204],"for":[41,93],"high-resolution":[42],"in":[44,101,185,205],"scenario.":[47,188],"Firstly,":[48],"intra-pulse":[52],"frequency-coded":[53],"frequency-modulated":[54],"continuous":[55],"(IPFC-FMCW),":[57],"contains":[59],"multiple":[60],"FMCW":[61,91],"chips":[62],"with":[63,167],"different":[64,88],"widths":[65],"frequencies,":[67],"to":[68,106,159,193],"combat":[69],"smart":[71,206],"jamming.":[73,208],"After":[74],"suppression,":[77,117],"proposed":[79,174,201],"has":[81],"low":[83],"sidelobe":[84,103],"level,":[85],"is":[87],"from":[89],"traditional":[90],"observations":[96],"are":[97,191],"periodically":[98],"missing,":[99],"resulting":[100],"high":[102],"levels.":[104],"Then,":[105],"improve":[107],"performance":[111,184],"of":[112,163,199],"after":[115,148],"optimize":[119],"profile":[122],"designing":[124],"transmit":[126],"then":[129],"solve":[130],"it":[131],"simulated":[134],"annealing":[135],"algorithm.":[136],"Next,":[137],"based":[138],"on":[139],"designed":[141],"waveform,":[142],"derive":[144],"echo":[146],"model":[147],"suppression":[150],"gridless":[154],"compressed":[155],"sensing":[156],"(CS)":[157],"recover":[160],"targets.":[165],"Compared":[166],"existing":[169],"waveforms":[170],"methods,":[172],"processing":[178],"achieve":[180],"better":[181],"Numerical":[189],"simulations":[190],"utilized":[192],"demonstrate":[194],"effectiveness":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2022-10-17T00:00:00"}