{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304775303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205089","title":"Estimation of Snow Depth from AMSR2 and MODIS Data based on Deep Residual Learning Network","display_name":"Estimation of Snow Depth from AMSR2 and MODIS Data based on Deep Residual Learning Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304775303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205089","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5089/pdf?version=1665569172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5089/pdf?version=1665569172","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054448393","display_name":"De Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044194134","display_name":"Jinliang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-7092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinliang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026494699","display_name":"Chunlin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113938882","display_name":"Weimin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-2988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044194134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6298,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81782255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"5089","last_page":"5089"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.7518988847732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6717376708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.6551614999771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6075326204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5584020018577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.4964776635169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.47833773493766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.4619022309780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4313039481639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.26734259724617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24026259779930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2168578803539276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2153773307800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.188777893781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1812324821949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15580889582633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14958825707435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12390118837356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.101581871509552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7518988847732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6717376708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.6551614999771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6075326204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5584020018577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.4964776635169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.47833773493766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.4619022309780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4313039481639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.26734259724617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24026259779930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2168578803539276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2153773307800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.188777893781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1812324821949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15580889582633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14958825707435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12390118837356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.101581871509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205089","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5089/pdf?version=1665569172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:236182d436e9476da9bc1866a831da2a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/236182d436e9476da9bc1866a831da2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 20, p 5089 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/20/5089/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 5089","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14205089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205089","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5089/pdf?version=1665569172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1356514951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G524305022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174558747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Group","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7894728804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4197132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8177276381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42130113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8550667148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304775303.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304775303.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1867660142","https://openalex.org/W1963755327","https://openalex.org/W1970641180","https://openalex.org/W1972045259","https://openalex.org/W1996070604","https://openalex.org/W2006319439","https://openalex.org/W2009026858","https://openalex.org/W2013042234","https://openalex.org/W2021804645","https://openalex.org/W2027824608","https://openalex.org/W2033854784","https://openalex.org/W2034409215","https://openalex.org/W2035466844","https://openalex.org/W2039743872","https://openalex.org/W2042650592","https://openalex.org/W2043802636","https://openalex.org/W2048903028","https://openalex.org/W2052851219","https://openalex.org/W2070904642","https://openalex.org/W2089616742","https://openalex.org/W2095377724","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100982489","https://openalex.org/W2101047140","https://openalex.org/W2102160434","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2119672023","https://openalex.org/W2123807796","https://openalex.org/W2130375876","https://openalex.org/W2130737452","https://openalex.org/W2131010628","https://openalex.org/W2132044257","https://openalex.org/W2146846308","https://openalex.org/W2156278561","https://openalex.org/W2159449565","https://openalex.org/W2159769116","https://openalex.org/W2180770370","https://openalex.org/W2185489349","https://openalex.org/W2193829553","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295897965","https://openalex.org/W2316236955","https://openalex.org/W2374038742","https://openalex.org/W2393082336","https://openalex.org/W2514631964","https://openalex.org/W2610712996","https://openalex.org/W2786684886","https://openalex.org/W2809517703","https://openalex.org/W2910105337","https://openalex.org/W2914267938","https://openalex.org/W2914938155","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2927122915","https://openalex.org/W2949759668","https://openalex.org/W2968885972","https://openalex.org/W3001513304","https://openalex.org/W3005197680","https://openalex.org/W3143487173","https://openalex.org/W3147262955","https://openalex.org/W3212250770","https://openalex.org/W4224256157","https://openalex.org/W4242609942","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6675282319","https://openalex.org/W6725921232","https://openalex.org/W6758872596","https://openalex.org/W6804200696","https://openalex.org/W7001266166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910852340","https://openalex.org/W2913143114","https://openalex.org/W1965757266","https://openalex.org/W1975930865","https://openalex.org/W2060524912","https://openalex.org/W2314704010","https://openalex.org/W2156895286","https://openalex.org/W2095031291","https://openalex.org/W2058798713","https://openalex.org/W2157152915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"Microwave":[1],"Scanning":[2],"Radiometer":[3],"2":[4],"(AMSR2)":[5],"brightness":[6],"temperature":[7],"(TB)":[8],"observations":[9,136],"have":[10],"long":[11],"been":[12],"utilized":[13],"for":[14,277],"snow":[15,95,123,249,257,263],"depth":[16],"(SD)":[17],"estimation.":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,30,41,46,104,109,112,121,128,145,154,174,207,225,233,245,253,261,266],"traditional":[21],"approaches":[22],"which":[23,274],"are":[24,38,179],"based":[25,60],"on":[26,61],"\u2018point-to-point\u2019":[27],"predictions":[28],"ignore":[29],"spatial":[31,43,116,246,255],"heterogeneity":[32,247],"within":[33],"a":[34,53,62,115],"AMSR2":[35,47,84],"pixel":[36],"and":[37,73,99,127,168,186,206,214,232,251],"limited":[39],"by":[40,67,132,260],"coarse":[42],"resolution":[44,117,256],"of":[45,83,118,170,173,248],"sensor.":[48],"To":[49],"solve":[50],"these":[51],"problems,":[52],"novel":[54],"deep":[55,63],"\u2018area-to-point\u2019":[56],"SD":[57,113,135,147,176,191,221,271],"estimation":[58,148,177,192,222,272],"model,":[59],"residual":[64,74],"learning":[65],"network":[66],"combining":[68],"convolutional":[69],"neural":[70],"networks":[71],"(CNN)":[72],"blocks,":[75],"was":[76],"proposed.":[77],"The":[78,140,190,219,239],"model":[79,149,268],"utilizes":[80],"all":[81],"channels":[82],"TB":[85],"data":[86,98],"along":[87],"with":[88,114],"Moderate-resolution":[89],"Imaging":[90],"Spectroradiometer":[91],"(MODIS)":[92],"normalized":[93],"difference":[94],"index":[96],"(NDSI)":[97],"auxiliary":[100],"geographic":[101],"information.":[102],"Taking":[103],"Qinghai-Tibet":[105],"Plateau":[106],"(QTP)":[107],"as":[108,153],"study":[110,281],"area,":[111],"0.005\u00b0":[119],"over":[120],"2019\u20132020":[122],"season":[124],"is":[125,130,194,209,235,275],"estimated,":[126],"accuracy":[129,152],"validated":[131],"in":[133,197,229,279],"situ":[134],"from":[137],"116":[138],"stations.":[139],"results":[141,240],"show":[142],"that:":[143],"(1)":[144],"proposed":[146,175,220,267],"shows":[150],"desirable":[151],"root":[155],"mean":[156,160,164],"square":[157],"error":[158,162,166,193],"(RMSE),":[159],"absolute":[161],"(MAE),":[163],"bias":[165],"(MBE),":[167],"coefficient":[169],"determination":[171],"(R2)":[172],"method":[178,223],"2.000":[180],"cm,":[181,183,185,211,213,216],"0.656":[182],"\u22120.013":[184],"0.847,":[187],"respectively.":[188,217],"(2)":[189],"slightly":[195],"larger":[196],"medium":[198,201],"elevation":[199],"or":[200,203],"slope":[202],"grassland":[204],"areas,":[205],"RMSE":[208,234],"2.247":[210],"3.084":[212],"2.213":[215],"(3)":[218],"has":[224,269],"most":[226],"satisfactory":[227],"performance":[228],"low-elevation":[230],"regions,":[231],"only":[236],"0.523":[237],"cm.":[238],"indicate":[241],"that":[242],"through":[243],"considering":[244],"cover":[250,264],"utilizing":[252],"high":[254],"information":[258],"presented":[259],"MODIS":[262],"product,":[265],"good":[270],"accuracy,":[273],"promising":[276],"application":[278],"other":[280],"regions.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}