{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304172593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14195054","title":"UAV Remote Sensing Prediction Method of Winter Wheat Yield Based on the Fused Features of Crop and Soil","display_name":"UAV Remote Sensing Prediction Method of Winter Wheat Yield Based on the Fused Features of Crop and Soil","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304172593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14195054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14195054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14195054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/5054/pdf?version=1665469481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/5054/pdf?version=1665469481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066481512","display_name":"Zezhong Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zezhong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446973","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088004651","display_name":"Kaidi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3499-2509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaidi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017381482","display_name":"Zhenhai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-3274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067512214","display_name":"Minzan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-0020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minzan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392400","display_name":"Haiyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082044338","display_name":"Jiangmei Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangmei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100446973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83926716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"19","first_page":"5054","last_page":"5054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5737103223800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.5651763677597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield","display_name":"Crop yield","score":0.5439290404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.5300961136817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4739801287651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4671895503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.4180332124233246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3744526505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.37388119101524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2662091851234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.2111002802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13936570286750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.08434569835662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07808807492256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.06929478049278259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5737103223800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5651763677597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.5439290404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5300961136817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4739801287651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4671895503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4180332124233246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3744526505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.37388119101524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2662091851234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2111002802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13936570286750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.08434569835662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07808807492256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.06929478049278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14195054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14195054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/5054/pdf?version=1665469481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa55f62968dc4a74af9637e5eec598cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa55f62968dc4a74af9637e5eec598cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 19, p 5054 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/19/5054/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14195054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 19; Pages: 5054","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14195054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14195054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/5054/pdf?version=1665469481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6764251749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0125500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8267557097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304172593.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304172593.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731114447","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1983603319","https://openalex.org/W1996391325","https://openalex.org/W1999110225","https://openalex.org/W2007939589","https://openalex.org/W2039952872","https://openalex.org/W2040814591","https://openalex.org/W2053778935","https://openalex.org/W2057641906","https://openalex.org/W2059810041","https://openalex.org/W2080891410","https://openalex.org/W2082917714","https://openalex.org/W2084080994","https://openalex.org/W2088473070","https://openalex.org/W2110096996","https://openalex.org/W2111626115","https://openalex.org/W2132605337","https://openalex.org/W2139150176","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2155911079","https://openalex.org/W2317582304","https://openalex.org/W2603228623","https://openalex.org/W2805142011","https://openalex.org/W2839402243","https://openalex.org/W2894919543","https://openalex.org/W2901216809","https://openalex.org/W2904875053","https://openalex.org/W2912514498","https://openalex.org/W2921277556","https://openalex.org/W2940819237","https://openalex.org/W2953686964","https://openalex.org/W2955786086","https://openalex.org/W2968752509","https://openalex.org/W2972857509","https://openalex.org/W3005430388","https://openalex.org/W3023654532","https://openalex.org/W3031909544","https://openalex.org/W3046356862","https://openalex.org/W3084417673","https://openalex.org/W3084470071","https://openalex.org/W3086446917","https://openalex.org/W3087165791","https://openalex.org/W3087820372","https://openalex.org/W3088885014","https://openalex.org/W3093815437","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3136451216","https://openalex.org/W3166866928","https://openalex.org/W3169469595","https://openalex.org/W3185292364","https://openalex.org/W3205772352","https://openalex.org/W3212026290","https://openalex.org/W4200168631","https://openalex.org/W4221093715","https://openalex.org/W4250739957","https://openalex.org/W4289653753","https://openalex.org/W4293153702","https://openalex.org/W4293221971","https://openalex.org/W6772750526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W854415988","https://openalex.org/W2018149064","https://openalex.org/W2002738406","https://openalex.org/W2985080412","https://openalex.org/W3006201793","https://openalex.org/W4378566980","https://openalex.org/W139018289","https://openalex.org/W2065828020","https://openalex.org/W2380001790","https://openalex.org/W2515171211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190],"early":[1],"and":[2,17,40,77,102,117,134,152,171,181,188,206,227,233,258,288,302,305,322,336],"accurate":[3],"acquisition":[4],"of":[5,9,31,38,45,64,75,132,149,186,213,223,231,307],"crop":[6,33,76,116,133,151,187,205,224,232,341],"yields":[7,34],"is":[8,126],"great":[10],"significance":[11],"for":[12,114,320,327,339],"maintaining":[13],"food":[14,20],"market":[15],"stability":[16],"ensuring":[18],"global":[19],"security.":[21],"Unmanned":[22],"aerial":[23],"vehicle":[24],"(UAV)":[25],"remote":[26,48,346],"sensing":[27,49,347],"offers":[28],"the":[29,46,62,73,81,89,100,106,142,147,183,198,220,228,236,247,254,272,275,283,289,312,316,323],"possibility":[30],"predicting":[32],"with":[35,219,244,261,286,292,297],"its":[36],"advantages":[37],"flexibility":[39],"high":[41],"resolution.":[42],"However,":[43],"most":[44,317,324],"existing":[47],"yield":[50,67,87,238,251,276,308,328,342],"estimation":[51],"studies":[52],"focused":[53],"solely":[54],"on":[55,66,122,167,193,280],"crops":[56],"but":[57],"did":[58],"not":[59],"fully":[60],"consider":[61],"influence":[63],"soil":[65,78,94,118,135,153,207,211,226,234],"formation.":[68],"As":[69],"an":[70,159],"integrated":[71],"system,":[72],"status":[74],"together":[79],"determines":[80],"final":[82],"yield.":[83],"Compared":[84,218],"to":[85,178],"crop-only":[86],"prediction,":[88],"approach":[90],"that":[91,197,311],"additionally":[92],"considers":[93],"background":[95,212],"information":[96,155],"will":[97],"effectively":[98,179],"improve":[99],"accuracy":[101],"reduce":[103],"bias":[104],"in":[105,129,250,266],"results.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109],"study,":[110],"a":[111,333],"novel":[112],"method":[113,201],"segmenting":[115],"spectral":[119,240],"images":[120],"based":[121,166,279],"different":[123,215],"vegetation":[124],"coverage":[125],"first":[127],"proposed,":[128],"which":[130],"pixels":[131,208],"can":[136,202],"be":[137],"accurately":[138,203],"identified":[139],"by":[140,156],"determining":[141],"discriminant":[143],"value":[144],"Q.":[145],"On":[146],"basis":[148],"extracting":[150],"waveband\u2019s":[154],"individual":[157],"pixel,":[158],"innovative":[160],"approach,":[161],"projected":[162],"non-negative":[163],"matrix":[164,172,241],"factorization":[165],"good":[168],"point":[169],"set":[170],"cross":[173],"fusion":[174],"(PNMF-MCF),":[175],"was":[176,315],"developed":[177],"extract":[180],"fuse":[182],"yield-related":[184],"features":[185,239],"soil.":[189],"experimental":[191],"results":[192],"winter":[194],"wheat":[195],"show":[196],"proposed":[199],"segmentation":[200],"distinguish":[204],"under":[209],"complex":[210],"four":[214],"growth":[216],"periods.":[217],"single":[221],"reflectance":[222],"or":[225],"simple":[229],"combination":[230],"reflectance,":[235],"fused":[237],"FP":[242],"obtained":[243],"PNMF\u2212MCF":[245],"achieved":[246],"best":[248],"performance":[249],"prediction":[252,277],"at":[253,271],"flowering,":[255],"flag":[256],"leaf":[257],"pustulation":[259],"stages,":[260],"R2":[262,285],"higher":[263],"than":[264],"0.7":[265],"these":[267],"three":[268],"stages.":[269],"Especially":[270],"flowering":[273,313],"stage,":[274],"model":[278],"PNMF-MCF":[281],"had":[282],"highest":[284],"0.8516":[287],"lowest":[290],"RMSE":[291],"0.0744":[293],"kg/m2.":[294],"Correlation":[295],"analysis":[296],"key":[298],"biochemical":[299],"parameters":[300],"(nitrogen":[301],"carbon,":[303],"pigments":[304],"biomass)":[306],"formation":[309],"showed":[310],"stage":[314,326],"vigorous":[318],"season":[319],"photosynthesis":[321],"critical":[325],"prediction.":[329],"This":[330],"study":[331],"provides":[332],"new":[334],"perspective":[335],"complete":[337],"framework":[338],"high-precision":[340],"forecasting":[343],"using":[344],"UAV":[345],"technology.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-10-11T00:00:00"}