{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297238384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194791","title":"Precise Positioning Method of Moving Laser Point Cloud in Shield Tunnel Based on Bolt Hole Extraction","display_name":"Precise Positioning Method of Moving Laser Point Cloud in Shield Tunnel Based on Bolt Hole Extraction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297238384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194791","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4791/pdf?version=1664164866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4791/pdf?version=1664164866","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036185205","display_name":"Changqi Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqi Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012565","display_name":"Haili Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-3225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haili Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039088967","display_name":"Ruofei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-4479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763521","display_name":"Jincheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-3624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jincheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052619920","display_name":"Yulong Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102012565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.6326,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93093565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"19","first_page":"4791","last_page":"4791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8200651407241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5097012519836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shield","display_name":"Shield","score":0.5075089335441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4996464252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbscan","display_name":"DBSCAN","score":0.4310709834098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.43068695068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.40494009852409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3046429753303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2531347870826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2414197027683258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.2372644543647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.17532646656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12959924340248108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8200651407241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5097012519836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.5075089335441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4996464252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114630","display_name":"DBSCAN","level":5,"score":0.4310709834098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43068695068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.40494009852409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3046429753303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2531347870826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2414197027683258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.2372644543647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.17532646656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12959924340248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194791","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4791/pdf?version=1664164866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2874e96fdcf74782ae01e2d34c264d50","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2874e96fdcf74782ae01e2d34c264d50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 19, p 4791 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/19/4791/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 19; Pages: 4791","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194791","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4791/pdf?version=1664164866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6323280418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6805594977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7489226830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297238384.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297238384.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973143425","https://openalex.org/W1980386878","https://openalex.org/W2002905080","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2086867995","https://openalex.org/W2141896614","https://openalex.org/W2260784170","https://openalex.org/W2369720149","https://openalex.org/W2371751921","https://openalex.org/W2436494909","https://openalex.org/W2746606781","https://openalex.org/W2747936141","https://openalex.org/W2862860527","https://openalex.org/W2912354362","https://openalex.org/W2954901821","https://openalex.org/W2967870046","https://openalex.org/W2990597643","https://openalex.org/W2996837770","https://openalex.org/W3006416014","https://openalex.org/W3008534570","https://openalex.org/W3011884398","https://openalex.org/W3136696212","https://openalex.org/W3176721639","https://openalex.org/W3208102959","https://openalex.org/W4200290684","https://openalex.org/W4214760567","https://openalex.org/W4226210959","https://openalex.org/W4296743352","https://openalex.org/W6810666583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163639875","https://openalex.org/W2356676145","https://openalex.org/W2358939236","https://openalex.org/W2239330273","https://openalex.org/W2093858167","https://openalex.org/W2371953206","https://openalex.org/W2349543044","https://openalex.org/W2365728856","https://openalex.org/W2350406672","https://openalex.org/W1997511791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"laser":[1,32,158],"scanning":[2],"technology":[3],"used":[4,103],"for":[5,57,247],"deformation":[6],"detection":[7],"of":[8,92,109,123,151],"shield":[9,58,153],"tunnel":[10,63,154,183,248],"is":[11,15,38,65,102,116,131,164],"usually":[12],"two-dimensional,":[13],"which":[14],"expanded":[16,66],"into":[17,40,67],"three-dimensional":[18],"(3D)":[19],"through":[20],"mileage,":[21],"resulting":[22],"in":[23,42,48,188,207],"low":[24],"positioning":[25,35,142],"accuracy.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"proposes":[29],"a":[30,68,88,114,152,156],"3D":[31,157],"point":[33,108,122,130,159,184,191,209],"cloud":[34,185,210],"method":[36,163,204,240],"that":[37],"divided":[39],"rings":[41],"the":[43,49,54,61,71,77,99,106,110,120,128,134,140,177,181,189,197,202,208,212,227,231],"mileage":[44],"direction":[45,51],"and":[46,70,113,148,173,187,205,216,222,226,244,251],"blocks":[47],"ring":[50,147],"to":[52,104,118,138,169],"improve":[53],"positional":[55],"accuracy":[56,175],"tunnels.":[59],"First,":[60],"cylindrical":[62],"wall":[64],"plane":[69],"bolt":[72,111],"holes":[73],"are":[74],"extracted":[75],"using":[76,176,201],"self-adaptive":[78],"parameter":[79],"adjustment":[80],"cloth":[81],"simulation":[82],"filter":[83],"(CSF)":[84],"algorithm":[85,101],"combined":[86,132],"with":[87,94,133,166],"density-based":[89],"spatial":[90],"clustering":[91],"applications":[93],"noise":[95],"(DBSCAN)":[96],"algorithm.":[97],"Second,":[98],"mean-shift":[100],"obtain":[105],"center":[107,121,129],"hole,":[112],"model":[115],"designed":[117],"recognize":[119],"different":[124],"splicing":[125],"blocks.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"standard":[135],"straight-line":[136,141],"equation":[137],"fit":[139],"seam,":[143],"achieving":[144],"an":[145],"accurate":[146],"block":[149],"segmentation":[150],"as":[155],"cloud.":[160,192],"The":[161,193,237],"proposed":[162,203,238],"compared":[165],"existing":[167],"methods":[168],"verify":[170],"its":[171],"feasibility":[172],"high":[174],"seams":[178,199,233],"located":[179],"by":[180],"measured":[182,190],"data":[186],"average":[194,228],"differences":[195],"between":[196,230],"circumferential":[198],"positioned":[200],"those":[206],"at":[211],"left":[213],"waist,":[214],"vault,":[215],"right":[217],"waist":[218],"were":[219],"3,":[220],"4,":[221],"5":[223],"mm,":[224],"respectively,":[225],"difference":[229],"longitudinal":[232],"was":[234],"3.4":[235],"mm":[236],"research":[239],"provides":[241],"important":[242],"technical":[243],"theoretical":[245],"support":[246],"safety":[249],"monitoring":[250],"detection.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-09-28T00:00:00"}