{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297238379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194775","title":"A Mixed Methods Approach for Fuel Characterisation in Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) Scrub from High-Density UAV Laser Scanning Point Clouds and Semantic Segmentation of UAV Imagery","display_name":"A Mixed Methods Approach for Fuel Characterisation in Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) Scrub from High-Density UAV Laser Scanning Point Clouds and Semantic Segmentation of UAV Imagery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297238379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194775","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4775/pdf?version=1664245249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4775/pdf?version=1664245249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070406793","display_name":"Robin J. L. Hartley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154136665","display_name":"Scion","ror":"https://ror.org/048r72142","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154136665","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robin J. L. Hartley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074098897","display_name":"Sam J. Davidson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-1912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154136665","display_name":"Scion","ror":"https://ror.org/048r72142","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154136665","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam J. Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073649293","display_name":"Michael S. Watt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-9134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154136665","display_name":"Scion","ror":"https://ror.org/048r72142","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154136665","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Watt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039172637","display_name":"Peter Massam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0577-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154136665","display_name":"Scion","ror":"https://ror.org/048r72142","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154136665","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter D. Massam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085439347","display_name":"Samuel Aguilar-Arg\u00fcello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-2948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154136665","display_name":"Scion","ror":"https://ror.org/048r72142","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154136665","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Aguilar-Arguello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037658513","display_name":"Katharine O. Melnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-4965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharine O. Melnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102996954","display_name":"H. Grant Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-2683"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Grant Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fire and Emergency NZ, Fire Engineering Facility, 79 Creyke Road, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire and Emergency NZ, Fire Engineering Facility, 79 Creyke Road, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004972197","display_name":"Veronica Clifford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2442-7319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154136665","display_name":"Scion","ror":"https://ror.org/048r72142","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154136665","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica R. Clifford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scion, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070406793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154136665"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0387,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7216006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"19","first_page":"4775","last_page":"4775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulex-europaeus","display_name":"Ulex europaeus","score":0.7838519215583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6537355184555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.610614001750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6096033453941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5353531837463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.4881592392921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.459934264421463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.43434813618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4169614911079407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4045639634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27090778946876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21967163681983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20437493920326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.16763794422149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14673572778701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0760120153427124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161794","display_name":"Ulex europaeus","level":4,"score":0.7838519215583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6537355184555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.610614001750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6096033453941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5353531837463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4881592392921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.459934264421463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.43434813618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4169614911079407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4045639634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27090778946876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21967163681983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20437493920326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.16763794422149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14673572778701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0760120153427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207545495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2573513","display_name":"Agglutinin","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780758401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408693","display_name":"Lectin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194775","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4775/pdf?version=1664245249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1b9e1efba084213abb5abecbeacb6c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1b9e1efba084213abb5abecbeacb6c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 19, p 4775 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/19/4775/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194775","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4775/pdf?version=1664245249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6265472899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C04X2103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321983","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8343027647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C04X1602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321983","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321983","display_name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","ror":"https://ror.org/02jtq1b51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297238379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297238379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W800775703","https://openalex.org/W848978610","https://openalex.org/W1973123629","https://openalex.org/W1977030628","https://openalex.org/W1980375943","https://openalex.org/W1991064179","https://openalex.org/W2001618165","https://openalex.org/W2045672262","https://openalex.org/W2050414089","https://openalex.org/W2071171901","https://openalex.org/W2075704050","https://openalex.org/W2080105829","https://openalex.org/W2080272124","https://openalex.org/W2082057306","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2103273531","https://openalex.org/W2106376825","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2140397648","https://openalex.org/W2145243492","https://openalex.org/W2155171932","https://openalex.org/W2158669261","https://openalex.org/W2166043246","https://openalex.org/W2167324796","https://openalex.org/W2170049772","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2218818542","https://openalex.org/W2273606229","https://openalex.org/W2296685749","https://openalex.org/W2418569706","https://openalex.org/W2495260571","https://openalex.org/W2512839130","https://openalex.org/W2522011822","https://openalex.org/W2533824349","https://openalex.org/W2560530255","https://openalex.org/W2589237375","https://openalex.org/W2606100861","https://openalex.org/W2607056896","https://openalex.org/W2607590775","https://openalex.org/W2611581340","https://openalex.org/W2750681831","https://openalex.org/W2751418581","https://openalex.org/W2751577842","https://openalex.org/W2763455760","https://openalex.org/W2765920222","https://openalex.org/W2770198548","https://openalex.org/W2783169436","https://openalex.org/W2789265310","https://openalex.org/W2792247930","https://openalex.org/W2800002789","https://openalex.org/W2807222299","https://openalex.org/W2811093923","https://openalex.org/W2884197231","https://openalex.org/W2899268189","https://openalex.org/W2901414305","https://openalex.org/W2905594297","https://openalex.org/W2909674845","https://openalex.org/W2911060956","https://openalex.org/W2911460990","https://openalex.org/W2943149949","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2973163153","https://openalex.org/W2990265654","https://openalex.org/W3001871629","https://openalex.org/W3007286176","https://openalex.org/W3008705442","https://openalex.org/W3018425007","https://openalex.org/W3022521160","https://openalex.org/W3022977983","https://openalex.org/W3025426672","https://openalex.org/W3035761019","https://openalex.org/W3048051277","https://openalex.org/W3049157029","https://openalex.org/W3081291579","https://openalex.org/W3082052471","https://openalex.org/W3096985305","https://openalex.org/W3103829725","https://openalex.org/W3113199772","https://openalex.org/W3116545769","https://openalex.org/W3121426988","https://openalex.org/W3122635731","https://openalex.org/W3135216116","https://openalex.org/W3160412534","https://openalex.org/W3163541793","https://openalex.org/W3164690388","https://openalex.org/W3175713694","https://openalex.org/W3176660451","https://openalex.org/W3185693777","https://openalex.org/W3194587874","https://openalex.org/W3215497122","https://openalex.org/W4220664785","https://openalex.org/W4225166718","https://openalex.org/W4229058842","https://openalex.org/W4246235074","https://openalex.org/W4251438737","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6683271770","https://openalex.org/W6768109620","https://openalex.org/W6772934686","https://openalex.org/W6782162135","https://openalex.org/W6795215395","https://openalex.org/W6810860367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W2366440988","https://openalex.org/W4399030596","https://openalex.org/W2358582870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,133,234],"classification":[1],"and":[2,11,55,60,79,90,109,117,130,145,152,157,178,182,188,191,196,219,243,251,260,276,295],"quantification":[3],"of":[4,58,84,98,105,115,128,141,150,168,172,194,240,256],"fuel":[5,45,94,232,273,277,296],"is":[6],"traditionally":[7],"a":[8,56,204],"labour-intensive,":[9],"costly":[10],"often":[12],"subjective":[13],"operation,":[14],"especially":[15],"in":[16,75,225],"hazardous":[17],"vegetation":[18,229],"types,":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,37,72],"gorse":[22],"(Ulex":[23],"europaeus":[24],"L.)":[25],"scrub.":[26],"In":[27,211,262],"this":[28],"study,":[29],"unmanned":[30],"aerial":[31],"vehicle":[32],"(UAV)":[33],"technologies":[34],"were":[35,53,63,70,217],"assessed":[36],"an":[38],"alternative":[39],"to":[40,227,270],"traditional":[41],"field":[42,82,174],"methodologies":[43],"for":[44,111,136,154,247,290],"characterisation.":[46],"UAV":[47,205,214],"laser":[48],"scanning":[49],"(ULS)":[50],"point":[51],"clouds":[52],"captured,":[54],"variety":[57],"spatial":[59,281],"intensity":[61],"metrics":[62,135,164,175,202,266],"extracted":[64],"from":[65,203],"these":[66,264],"data.":[67],"These":[68],"data":[69,216],"used":[71,269],"predictor":[73,101],"variables":[74,102],"models":[76],"describing":[77],"destructively":[78,112],"non-destructively":[80],"sampled":[81,113],"measurements":[83,114],"total":[85],"above":[86,91],"ground":[87,92],"biomass":[88],"(TAGB)":[89],"available":[93],"(AGAF).":[95],"Multiple":[96],"regression":[97],"the":[99,173],"structural":[100,163],"yielded":[103,139,236],"correlations":[104,140],"R2":[106,142,185],"=":[107,143,186,258],"0.89":[108],"0.87":[110],"TAGB":[116,156,181],"AGAF,":[118,158],"respectively,":[119,159,190],"with":[120,147,184,249],"relative":[121],"root":[122],"mean":[123],"square":[124],"error":[125],"(RMSE)":[126],"values":[127,149,193],"18.6%":[129],"11.3%,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"best":[134],"non-destructive":[137],"field-measurements":[138],"0.50":[144],"0.49,":[146],"RMSE":[148,192],"40%":[151],"30.8%,":[153],"predicting":[155],"indicating":[160],"that":[161,199],"ULS-derived":[162,265],"offer":[165],"higher":[166],"levels":[167,239,253],"precision.":[169],"UAV-derived":[170],"versions":[171],"(overstory":[176],"height":[177],"cover)":[179],"predicted":[180],"AGAF":[183],"0.44":[187],"0.41,":[189],"34.5%":[195],"21.7%,":[197],"demonstrating":[198],"even":[200],"simple":[201],"can":[206,267],"still":[207],"generate":[208],"moderate":[209],"correlations.":[210],"further":[212],"analyses,":[213],"photogrammetric":[215],"captured":[218],"automatically":[220],"processed":[221],"using":[222],"deep":[223],"learning":[224],"order":[226],"classify":[228],"into":[230],"different":[231],"categories.":[233],"results":[235],"overall":[237],"high":[238],"precision,":[241],"recall":[242],"F1":[244,257],"score":[245],"(0.83":[246],"each),":[248],"minimum":[250],"maximum":[252],"per":[254],"class":[255],"0.70":[259],"0.91.":[261],"conclusion,":[263],"be":[268,288],"precisely":[271],"estimate":[272],"type":[274],"components":[275],"load":[278],"at":[279],"fine":[280],"resolutions":[282],"over":[283],"moderate-sized":[284],"areas,":[285],"which":[286],"will":[287],"useful":[289],"research,":[291],"wildfire":[292],"risk":[293],"assessment":[294],"management":[297],"operations.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2022-09-28T00:00:00"}