{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297005482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194746","title":"A Dual-Encoder-Condensed Convolution Method for High-Precision Indoor Positioning","display_name":"A Dual-Encoder-Condensed Convolution Method for High-Precision Indoor Positioning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297005482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4746/pdf?version=1664170448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4746/pdf?version=1664170448","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080015931","display_name":"Xiangxu Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-4044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangxu Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027775423","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-5435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-5435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014080291","display_name":"Sisi Zlatanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-0487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Zlatanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-0487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076870814","display_name":"Zheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411426","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-6745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027775423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76598723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"19","first_page":"4746","last_page":"4746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8286730647087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6524509787559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5855414271354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5532160997390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.46495115756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.4485805630683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4446554481983185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.42405465245246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4038754105567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36492475867271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32911837100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.32830941677093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18643680214881897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8286730647087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6524509787559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5855414271354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5532160997390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.46495115756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.4485805630683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4446554481983185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42405465245246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4038754105567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36492475867271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32911837100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.32830941677093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18643680214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4746/pdf?version=1664170448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a3fed56ab94436e9f17711373021d24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a3fed56ab94436e9f17711373021d24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 19, p 4746 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/19/4746/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 19; Pages: 4746","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14194746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4746/pdf?version=1664170448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1624667291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072022CF0601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G273667285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021180021L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321978","funder_display_name":"State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G289197446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072022YY0601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321978","funder_display_name":"State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5191617772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072022TS0605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6044140398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072022TS0605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321978","funder_display_name":"State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G708856907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072022CF0601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321978","funder_display_name":"State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321978","display_name":"State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/055gka453"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297005482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297005482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984099223","https://openalex.org/W2020658029","https://openalex.org/W2024764203","https://openalex.org/W2093230160","https://openalex.org/W2095030705","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2143228105","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2345276999","https://openalex.org/W2424065099","https://openalex.org/W2604710118","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2782491529","https://openalex.org/W2782839074","https://openalex.org/W2792342425","https://openalex.org/W2832604869","https://openalex.org/W2902516214","https://openalex.org/W2962721361","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2971655350","https://openalex.org/W2998249308","https://openalex.org/W3015261402","https://openalex.org/W3044248863","https://openalex.org/W3049545581","https://openalex.org/W3108914020","https://openalex.org/W3116792877","https://openalex.org/W3155991567","https://openalex.org/W3175544090","https://openalex.org/W3190492058","https://openalex.org/W4214493665","https://openalex.org/W4214588794","https://openalex.org/W4226360729","https://openalex.org/W4285248167","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6737778391","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6762585180","https://openalex.org/W6793732658","https://openalex.org/W6797790494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035329725","https://openalex.org/W2070875936","https://openalex.org/W4250391473","https://openalex.org/W4302292679","https://openalex.org/W4241625287","https://openalex.org/W2050788868","https://openalex.org/W4295885776","https://openalex.org/W2027634686","https://openalex.org/W3036164038","https://openalex.org/W1546742213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"study":[1],"the":[2,25,28,62,85,91,125,129,135],"problem":[3],"of":[4,27,32,139],"indoor":[5,18,73,126],"positioning,":[6],"which":[7,67],"is":[8],"a":[9,80,104],"fundamental":[10],"service":[11],"in":[12,17],"managing":[13],"and":[14,30,47,128,137],"analyzing":[15],"objects":[16],"environments.":[19],"Unpredictable":[20],"signal":[21],"interference":[22],"sources":[23],"increase":[24],"degeneration":[26],"accuracy":[29],"robustness":[31],"existing":[33],"solutions.":[34],"Deep":[35],"learning":[36],"approaches":[37],"have":[38],"recently":[39],"been":[40],"widely":[41],"studied":[42],"to":[43,56,83,90,95,118],"overcome":[44],"these":[45],"challenges":[46],"attain":[48],"better":[49],"performance.":[50],"In":[51,75],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,78,102,112],"aim":[55],"develop":[57,79,113],"efficient":[58],"algorithms,":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61],"dual-encoder-condensed":[63],"convolution":[64,116],"(DECC)":[65],"method,":[66],"can":[68],"achieve":[69],"high-precision":[70],"positioning":[71],"for":[72,108],"services.":[74],"particular,":[76],"firstly,":[77],"convolutional":[81],"module":[82],"add":[84],"original":[86],"channel":[87,97],"state":[88],"information":[89],"location":[92],"information.":[93],"Secondly,":[94],"explore":[96],"differences":[98],"between":[99],"different":[100,115],"antennas,":[101],"adopt":[103],"dual-encoder":[105],"stacking":[106],"mechanism":[107],"parallel":[109],"calculation.":[110],"Thirdly,":[111],"two":[114],"kernels":[117],"speed":[119],"up":[120],"convergence.":[121],"Performance":[122],"studies":[123],"on":[124],"scenario":[127,132],"urban":[130],"canyon":[131],"datasets":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"efficiency":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"our":[140],"new":[141],"approach.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}