{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295533074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184551","title":"Towards Robust Semantic Segmentation of Land Covers in Foggy Conditions","display_name":"Towards Robust Semantic Segmentation of Land Covers in Foggy Conditions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295533074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4551/pdf?version=1663224521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4551/pdf?version=1663224521","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018885688","display_name":"Weipeng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-6035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weipeng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001355167","display_name":"Wenhu Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenhu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056426169","display_name":"Allshine Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49332381","display_name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0457zbj98","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allshine Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73106, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001355167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.6208,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68024421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"18","first_page":"4551","last_page":"4551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7591069936752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7366772890090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6008666753768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5860023498535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5824223756790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5715374946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.5415037870407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.45407235622406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45058462023735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3954068422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.14861959218978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13999924063682556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7591069936752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7366772890090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6008666753768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5860023498535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5824223756790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5715374946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.5415037870407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.45407235622406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45058462023735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3954068422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.14861959218978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13999924063682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4551/pdf?version=1663224521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8283699091fc43cdae87e150d6501cba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8283699091fc43cdae87e150d6501cba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 18, p 4551 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/18/4551/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 18; Pages: 4551","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4551/pdf?version=1663224521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2322540604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX(20)2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2912677635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2019311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5338391071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB160070301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295533074.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295533074.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2803187616","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963995737","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2965380095","https://openalex.org/W2967767914","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W2996322457","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3032150799","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3040304705","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3095012029","https://openalex.org/W3106297436","https://openalex.org/W3109301572","https://openalex.org/W3136424010","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3142085127","https://openalex.org/W3143373604","https://openalex.org/W3159637683","https://openalex.org/W3160412534","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3170874841","https://openalex.org/W3200643978","https://openalex.org/W3205911711","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W4214893857","https://openalex.org/W4220768647","https://openalex.org/W4224935869","https://openalex.org/W4226345051","https://openalex.org/W4283590549","https://openalex.org/W4285107080","https://openalex.org/W4288404646","https://openalex.org/W4295308583","https://openalex.org/W4386179772","https://openalex.org/W6839584606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517104666","https://openalex.org/W2541791370","https://openalex.org/W2005437358","https://openalex.org/W2035976912","https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2008656436","https://openalex.org/W2134924024","https://openalex.org/W2023558673","https://openalex.org/W2110230079","https://openalex.org/W1982826852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"conducting":[1],"land":[2],"cover":[3],"classification,":[4],"it":[5,43],"is":[6,44,91],"inevitable":[7],"to":[8,46,69,82,93,136],"encounter":[9],"foggy":[10],"conditions,":[11],"which":[12,100],"degrades":[13],"the":[14,75,95,113,122],"performance":[15,134],"by":[16,24,74],"a":[17,25,48,105,126,132],"large":[18],"margin.":[19],"Robustness":[20],"may":[21],"be":[22,102],"reduced":[23],"number":[26],"of":[27,33,39,112,141],"factors,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"aerial":[31],"images":[32],"low":[34],"quality":[35],"and":[36,63,77,116],"ineffective":[37],"fusion":[38,62],"multimodal":[40,61],"representations.":[41,85],"Hence,":[42],"crucial":[45],"establish":[47],"reliable":[49],"framework":[50],"that":[51,121],"can":[52,101],"robustly":[53],"understand":[54],"remote":[55],"sensing":[56],"image":[57],"scenes.":[58],"Based":[59],"on":[60],"attention":[64],"mechanisms,":[65],"we":[66],"leverage":[67],"HRNet":[68],"extract":[70,83],"underlying":[71],"features,":[72],"followed":[73],"Spectral":[76],"Spatial":[78],"Representation":[79,88],"Learning":[80],"Module":[81,90],"spectral-spatial":[84],"A":[86,108],"Multimodal":[87],"Fusion":[89],"proposed":[92,123],"bridge":[94],"gap":[96],"between":[97],"heterogeneous":[98],"modalities":[99],"fused":[103],"in":[104,139],"complementary":[106],"manner.":[107],"comprehensive":[109],"evaluation":[110],"study":[111],"fog-corrupted":[114],"Potsdam":[115],"Vaihingen":[117],"test":[118],"sets":[119],"demonstrates":[120],"method":[124],"achieves":[125],"mean":[127],"F1score":[128],"exceeding":[129],"73%,":[130],"indicating":[131],"promising":[133],"compared":[135],"State-Of-The-Art":[137],"methods":[138],"terms":[140],"robustness.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2022-09-14T00:00:00"}