{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295532928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184537","title":"Impact of Feature-Dependent Static Background Error Covariances for Satellite-Derived Humidity Assimilation on Analyses and Forecasts of Multiple Sea Fog Cases over the Yellow Sea","display_name":"Impact of Feature-Dependent Static Background Error Covariances for Satellite-Derived Humidity Assimilation on Analyses and Forecasts of Multiple Sea Fog Cases over the Yellow Sea","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295532928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184537","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4537/pdf?version=1663223373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4537/pdf?version=1663223373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086153673","display_name":"Yue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085420102","display_name":"Shanhong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-8379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanhong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060385264","display_name":"Yongming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-6986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102439352","display_name":"Hao Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060385264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903","https://openalex.org/I8692664"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2717,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54690935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"18","first_page":"4537","last_page":"4537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.712948203086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.5964726209640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5498747825622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humidity","display_name":"Humidity","score":0.5240145921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5043827295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.4872201979160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity","display_name":"Relative humidity","score":0.4446415305137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3702983260154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3679354190826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.28026843070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21822145581245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16128551959991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0946551263332367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.712948203086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.5964726209640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5498747825622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.5240145921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5043827295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.4872201979160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.4446415305137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3702983260154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3679354190826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28026843070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21822145581245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16128551959991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0946551263332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184537","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4537/pdf?version=1663223373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8bfa3edd561845248be2d61d7ac4c5cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bfa3edd561845248be2d61d7ac4c5cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 18, p 4537 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/18/4537/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184537","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4537/pdf?version=1663223373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1549699001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322440","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295532928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295532928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1899873492","https://openalex.org/W2002515327","https://openalex.org/W2007339479","https://openalex.org/W2007454488","https://openalex.org/W2014324030","https://openalex.org/W2015559976","https://openalex.org/W2028979275","https://openalex.org/W2037256128","https://openalex.org/W2042265121","https://openalex.org/W2055499112","https://openalex.org/W2055938690","https://openalex.org/W2061258085","https://openalex.org/W2073008544","https://openalex.org/W2073611837","https://openalex.org/W2077026521","https://openalex.org/W2089876500","https://openalex.org/W2094998912","https://openalex.org/W2097615625","https://openalex.org/W2110179017","https://openalex.org/W2112428466","https://openalex.org/W2132247004","https://openalex.org/W2134168732","https://openalex.org/W2142794782","https://openalex.org/W2156380621","https://openalex.org/W2161467829","https://openalex.org/W2162826740","https://openalex.org/W2169926060","https://openalex.org/W2170022262","https://openalex.org/W2170791744","https://openalex.org/W2172819965","https://openalex.org/W2173847413","https://openalex.org/W2175484411","https://openalex.org/W2177451271","https://openalex.org/W2180048083","https://openalex.org/W2255949572","https://openalex.org/W2374714355","https://openalex.org/W2374964324","https://openalex.org/W2383688442","https://openalex.org/W2585626237","https://openalex.org/W2889798957","https://openalex.org/W2901238176","https://openalex.org/W2947230769","https://openalex.org/W2973990682","https://openalex.org/W2992793719","https://openalex.org/W2997394725","https://openalex.org/W3102760706","https://openalex.org/W3121596176","https://openalex.org/W3147064539","https://openalex.org/W3165419597","https://openalex.org/W3166307801","https://openalex.org/W3201176574","https://openalex.org/W4205795977","https://openalex.org/W6795858147","https://openalex.org/W6982435003","https://openalex.org/W7055749461","https://openalex.org/W7057727959","https://openalex.org/W7065494259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013511864","https://openalex.org/W2366365583","https://openalex.org/W1586733611","https://openalex.org/W1642018725","https://openalex.org/W2181379992","https://openalex.org/W4390758803","https://openalex.org/W2298909941","https://openalex.org/W2380249611","https://openalex.org/W2890621699","https://openalex.org/W2170838091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assimilation":[0],"of":[1,120],"satellite-derived":[2,69],"humidity":[3],"with":[4],"a":[5,52],"homogenous":[6],"static":[7,39],"background":[8],"error":[9,40,58,86],"covariance":[10],"(B)":[11],"matrix":[12],"computed":[13],"over":[14,108],"the":[15,38,68,95,100,109,118],"entire":[16],"computational":[17],"domain":[18],"(Full-B)":[19],"tends":[20],"to":[21,32,114],"overpredict":[22],"sea":[23,70,105,123,146,163],"fog":[24,106,124,147,164],"coverage.":[25],"A":[26],"feature-dependent":[27,53],"B":[28],"(Fog-B)":[29],"is":[30],"proposed":[31],"address":[33],"this":[34],"issue.":[35],"In":[36],"Fog-B,":[37],"statistics":[41,59],"for":[42,94],"clear":[43],"air":[44],"and":[45,80,84,116,126,135,142,166],"foggy":[46],"areas":[47],"are":[48,60,112],"calculated":[49],"separately":[50],"using":[51,131,150,156,172],"binning":[54],"method.":[55],"The":[56],"resultant":[57],"used":[61],"simultaneously":[62],"at":[63],"appropriate":[64],"locations":[65],"guided":[66],"by":[67],"fog.":[71],"Diagnostics":[72],"show":[73,129],"that":[74,130,155],"Full-B":[75,132],"generally":[76],"has":[77,158],"broader":[78,136],"horizontal":[79],"vertical":[81,96],"length":[82,97],"scales":[83],"larger":[85,145],"variances":[87],"than":[88,149,171],"Fog-B":[89,121,157],"below":[90],"~300":[91],"m":[92],"except":[93],"scale":[98],"near":[99],"surface.":[101],"Experiments":[102],"on":[103,122],"three":[104],"cases":[107],"Yellow":[110],"Sea":[111],"conducted":[113],"understand":[115],"examine":[117],"impact":[119],"analyses":[125],"forecasts.":[127],"Results":[128],"produces":[133],"greater":[134,159],"water":[137],"vapor":[138],"mixing":[139],"ratio":[140],"increments":[141],"thus":[143],"predicts":[144],"coverage":[148,165],"Fog-B.":[151],"Further":[152],"evaluations":[153],"suggest":[154],"forecast":[160],"skills":[161],"in":[162],"more":[167],"accurate":[168],"moisture":[169],"conditions":[170],"Full-B.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
