{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295533103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184515","title":"Using Multi-Source Real Landform Data to Predict and Analyze Intercity Remote Interference of 5G Communication with Ducting and Troposcatter Effects","display_name":"Using Multi-Source Real Landform Data to Predict and Analyze Intercity Remote Interference of 5G Communication with Ducting and Troposcatter Effects","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295533103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184515","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4515/pdf?version=1662729869","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4515/pdf?version=1662729869","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036590937","display_name":"Yang Kai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-2525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056715697","display_name":"Xing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-1520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090409949","display_name":"Zhensen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhensen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020429493","display_name":"Jiaji Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3769-0271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaji Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101576190","display_name":"Tao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi\u2019an 710199, China","Xi'an Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi'an 710199, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi\u2019an 710199, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi'an 710199, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077633829","display_name":"Kun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3429-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046828055","display_name":"Tan Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-7064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049931335","display_name":"Longxiang Linghu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3830-2616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxiang Linghu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056715697"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.8241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93884629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"18","first_page":"4515","last_page":"4515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-duct","display_name":"Atmospheric duct","score":0.9122369885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7377133965492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.5733156800270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5570538640022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5513609647750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5253288745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duct","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","score":0.49921321868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landform","display_name":"Landform","score":0.4568636119365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4523235261440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.45175233483314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42115330696105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3121385872364044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2755647301673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2127620279788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.15035051107406616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172057663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817109","display_name":"Atmospheric duct","level":3,"score":0.9122369885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7377133965492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.5733156800270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5570538640022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5513609647750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5253288745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.49921321868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108497213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271669","display_name":"Landform","level":2,"score":0.4568636119365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4523235261440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.45175233483314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42115330696105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3121385872364044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2755647301673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2127620279788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15035051107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779095084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3679502","display_name":"Piping","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184515","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4515/pdf?version=1662729869","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd539cb10b2349f8afcc7e07db622e7b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd539cb10b2349f8afcc7e07db622e7b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 18, p 4515 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/18/4515/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14184515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184515","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4515/pdf?version=1662729869","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2129470340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G25039995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62005205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3262560741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G406529246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6196413827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G759517528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JQ-329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8993166238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295533103.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295533103.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507413134","https://openalex.org/W1888166144","https://openalex.org/W1980234925","https://openalex.org/W1990128059","https://openalex.org/W2039209626","https://openalex.org/W2042835318","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2115857307","https://openalex.org/W2123059164","https://openalex.org/W2132293074","https://openalex.org/W2134924816","https://openalex.org/W2150898299","https://openalex.org/W2166724577","https://openalex.org/W2366711010","https://openalex.org/W2483733320","https://openalex.org/W2540454223","https://openalex.org/W2552778571","https://openalex.org/W3043107321","https://openalex.org/W3101748143","https://openalex.org/W3207114141","https://openalex.org/W3209400042","https://openalex.org/W3211351405","https://openalex.org/W6722672592","https://openalex.org/W6785614854","https://openalex.org/W6803434224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806752578","https://openalex.org/W3173982387","https://openalex.org/W1940052183","https://openalex.org/W4365815829","https://openalex.org/W3037017798","https://openalex.org/W4248460634","https://openalex.org/W2046385024","https://openalex.org/W4399807019","https://openalex.org/W2393195193","https://openalex.org/W2016810090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"5G":[2,27,121],"base":[3,122],"stations":[4],"are":[5,45],"densely":[6],"distributed":[7],"in":[8,22,61,86,119,139,232,252,263],"major":[9,145],"cities":[10,231],"based":[11],"on":[12,159,202,207],"improving":[13],"user":[14],"concentrations":[15],"and":[16,42,104,115,151,191,214,258],"the":[17,56,59,62,70,74,81,87,90,93,98,102,106,120,132,140,160,164,167,170,173,183,197,203,225,264],"large":[18],"demand":[19],"for":[20,65,256],"services":[21],"urban":[23],"hotspot":[24],"areas.":[25],"Moreover,":[26],"communication":[28,32,82],"requires":[29],"more":[30],"accurate":[31],"propagation":[33,99],"loss":[34],"(PL)":[35],"monitoring.":[36],"Low-build":[37],"areas,":[38,44],"such":[39,180],"as":[40,181],"suburbs":[41],"rural":[43],"prone":[46],"to":[47,58,69,195,223],"forming":[48],"relatively":[49],"stable":[50],"tropospheric":[51],"ducts,":[52],"which":[53],"can":[54],"bend":[55],"signal":[57,83,103,161],"surface":[60],"duct-trapping":[63],"layer":[64],"multiple":[66],"reflections.":[67],"Due":[68],"random":[71],"flow":[72],"of":[73,80,92,101,109,134,166,172,199,210,227,239,247,261,267],"atmospheric":[75],"air":[76],"mass,":[77],"each":[78],"reflection":[79],"is":[84],"re-scattered":[85],"troposphere":[88],"through":[89],"top":[91],"duct":[94],"layer,":[95,125],"thereby":[96],"expanding":[97],"range":[100],"changing":[105],"expected":[107],"effect":[108],"radio":[110],"wave":[111],"propagation.":[112,136],"If":[113],"ducting":[114,182,235,266],"troposcatter":[116],"effects":[117],"happen":[118],"station":[123],"antenna":[124],"co-channel":[126],"interference":[127],"(CCI)":[128],"could":[129,242],"occur,":[130],"affecting":[131],"quality":[133],"electromagnetic":[135],"Urban":[137],"links":[138,269],"plain":[141],"area":[142],"have":[143,155],"no":[144],"terrain":[146],"obstacles,":[147],"but":[148],"ground":[149],"fluctuations":[150],"land":[152,192,271],"cover":[153,272],"scattering":[154,162],"a":[156,233],"greater":[157],"impact":[158],"at":[163],"bottom":[165],"duct.":[168],"On":[169],"basis":[171],"forward-propagation":[174],"theory,":[175],"this":[176,253],"paper":[177,254],"adds":[178],"factors,":[179],"forecast":[184],"value":[185],"using":[186,250,270],"real":[187],"weather":[188],"parameters,":[189],"terrain,":[190],"cover-type":[193],"distributions":[194],"evaluate":[196],"CCIs":[198],"over-the-horizon":[200,228],"communications":[201,229],"intercity":[204,268],"link.":[205],"Based":[206],"1300":[208],"sets":[209],"randomly":[211],"generated":[212],"terrains":[213],"landforms,":[215],"two":[216],"deep":[217],"learning":[218],"(DL)":[219],"models":[220],"were":[221],"used":[222],"predict":[224],"PL":[226,248,262],"between":[230],"land-based":[234,265],"environment.":[236],"The":[237,245],"accuracy":[238],"LSTM":[240],"prediction":[241,249,260],"reach":[243],"98.4%.":[244],"verification":[246],"DL":[251],"allows":[255],"quick":[257],"efficient":[259],"characteristics.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
