{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293250591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164112","title":"Canopy Height Mapping by Sentinel 1 and 2 Satellite Images, Airborne LiDAR Data, and Machine Learning","display_name":"Canopy Height Mapping by Sentinel 1 and 2 Satellite Images, Airborne LiDAR Data, and Machine Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293250591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14164112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4112/pdf?version=1661164962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4112/pdf?version=1661164962","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052052466","display_name":"Catherine Torres de Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Torres de Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Sciences, \u201cLuiz de Queiroz\u201d College of Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Sciences, \u201cLuiz de Queiroz\u201d College of Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064609926","display_name":"J\u00e9ssica Gerente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-6584"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9ssica Gerente","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARUSO Environmental and Technological Solutions, Florian\u00f3polis 88010-500, SC, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARUSO Environmental and Technological Solutions, Florian\u00f3polis 88010-500, SC, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002152375","display_name":"Jamerson Rodrigo dos Prazeres Campos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-1207"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamerson Rodrigo dos Prazeres Campos","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARUSO Environmental and Technological Solutions, Florian\u00f3polis 88010-500, SC, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARUSO Environmental and Technological Solutions, Florian\u00f3polis 88010-500, SC, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050411603","display_name":"Francisco Caruso Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7463-6608"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Caruso Gomes Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARUSO Environmental and Technological Solutions, Florian\u00f3polis 88010-500, SC, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARUSO Environmental and Technological Solutions, Florian\u00f3polis 88010-500, SC, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087986228","display_name":"Lucas Antonio Providelo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Antonio Providelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz) Renewables, Campinas 13088-900, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz) Renewables, Campinas 13088-900, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058750845","display_name":"Guilherme Marchiori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7910-9644"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Marchiori","raw_affiliation_strings":["CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz) Renewables, Campinas 13088-900, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz) Renewables, Campinas 13088-900, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038265051","display_name":"Xinjian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-6009"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz) Renewables, Campinas 13088-900, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz) Renewables, Campinas 13088-900, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052052466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89329259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"16","first_page":"4112","last_page":"4112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.800554633140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7830806970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5806177258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5797861814498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5666886568069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.543585479259491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5337691307067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.49774888157844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4967222809791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2824883460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18758803606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17330312728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13345709443092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07164517045021057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.800554633140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7830806970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5806177258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5797861814498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5666886568069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.543585479259491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5337691307067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49774888157844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4967222809791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2824883460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18758803606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17330312728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13345709443092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07164517045021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14164112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4112/pdf?version=1661164962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6b11a87b2444f74959192db10236293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6b11a87b2444f74959192db10236293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 16, p 4112 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/16/4112/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 16; Pages: 4112","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14164112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4112/pdf?version=1661164962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293250591.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293250591.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59853769","https://openalex.org/W1179254689","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1976029164","https://openalex.org/W2063826781","https://openalex.org/W2073965141","https://openalex.org/W2075704050","https://openalex.org/W2098823605","https://openalex.org/W2098919237","https://openalex.org/W2104252070","https://openalex.org/W2105593416","https://openalex.org/W2107469388","https://openalex.org/W2119709769","https://openalex.org/W2134361702","https://openalex.org/W2145167036","https://openalex.org/W2167000187","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2289402370","https://openalex.org/W2428354957","https://openalex.org/W2589181229","https://openalex.org/W2611080000","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2804827724","https://openalex.org/W2883824776","https://openalex.org/W2911554154","https://openalex.org/W2914237936","https://openalex.org/W2928790886","https://openalex.org/W2968347155","https://openalex.org/W3010082533","https://openalex.org/W3011722322","https://openalex.org/W3025784245","https://openalex.org/W3033650189","https://openalex.org/W3080155615","https://openalex.org/W3094643344","https://openalex.org/W3094915136","https://openalex.org/W3117603577","https://openalex.org/W3181390195","https://openalex.org/W4224945137","https://openalex.org/W6669215935","https://openalex.org/W6778849655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W1964041166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"mapping":[1],"of":[2,57,65,93,152,157,164,169,191,223],"vegetation":[3,14,47],"height":[4,48,82,197],"is":[5,60],"critical":[6],"for":[7,44,79],"many":[8],"forestry":[9],"applications,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,128,201],"planning":[13],"management":[15],"in":[16,72,83,89],"power":[17],"transmission":[18,85],"line":[19,86],"right-of-way.":[20],"Satellite":[21],"images":[22,209],"from":[23,31,37,146,184],"different":[24,183],"sensors,":[25],"including":[26],"SAR":[27,208],"(Synthetic":[28],"Aperture":[29],"Radar)":[30],"Sentinel":[32,38],"1":[33],"(S1)":[34],"and":[35,67,75,99,113,116,120,125,141,155,167,210,225],"multispectral":[36],"2":[39],"(S2),":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42],"used":[43,103],"producing":[45],"high-resolution":[46],"maps":[49],"at":[50],"a":[51,73,76,84],"broad":[52],"scale.":[53],"The":[54,132],"main":[55],"objective":[56],"this":[58],"study":[59],"to":[61,194,206,214],"assess":[62],"the":[63,90,129,138,172,176,185,189,204,211,220],"potential":[64],"S1":[66,98,215],"S2":[68,100,148,193,224],"satellite":[69],"data,":[70,101],"both":[71],"single":[74],"multisensor":[77,160,173],"approach,":[78],"modeling":[80],"canopy":[81,196],"right-of-way":[87],"located":[88],"Atlantic":[91],"Forest":[92],"Paran\u00e1,":[94],"Brazil.":[95],"For":[96],"integrating":[97],"we":[102],"three":[104],"machine":[105],"learning":[106],"algorithms":[107],"(LR:":[108],"Linear":[109],"Regression,":[110],"CART:":[111],"Classification":[112],"Regression":[114],"Trees,":[115],"RF:":[117],"Random":[118],"Forest)":[119],"airborne":[121],"LiDAR":[122],"(Light":[123],"Detection":[124],"Ranging)":[126],"measurements":[127],"reference":[130],"height.":[131],"best":[133,177],"models":[134],"were":[135],"obtained":[136],"using":[137],"RF":[139],"algorithm":[140],"20":[142],"m":[143,154,166],"resolution":[144],"features":[145],"only":[147,192],"data":[149,161],"(cross-validated":[150,162],"RMSE":[151,163],"4.92":[153],"R2":[156,168],"0.58)":[158],"or":[159,217],"4.86":[165],"0.60).":[170],"Although":[171],"model":[174],"presented":[175],"performance,":[178],"it":[179,202],"was":[180],"not":[181],"statistically":[182],"single-S2":[186],"model.":[187],"Thus,":[188],"use":[190],"estimate":[195],"has":[198],"practical":[199],"advantages,":[200],"reduces":[203],"need":[205],"process":[207],"uncertainties":[212],"due":[213],"noise":[216],"differences":[218],"between":[219],"acquisition":[221],"dates":[222],"S1.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2022-08-27T00:00:00"}