{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293817037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164040","title":"Identification of Old-Growth Mediterranean Forests Using Airborne Laser Scanning and Geostatistical Analysis","display_name":"Identification of Old-Growth Mediterranean Forests Using Airborne Laser Scanning and Geostatistical Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293817037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14164040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164040","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4040/pdf?version=1661148368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4040/pdf?version=1661148368","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009106431","display_name":"Andrea Hevia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-1442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78880903","display_name":"Universidad de Huelva","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kt624","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Hevia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015791915","display_name":"Anabel Calzado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78880903","display_name":"Universidad de Huelva","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kt624","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anabel Calzado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028597178","display_name":"Reyes Alejano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-7792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78880903","display_name":"Universidad de Huelva","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kt624","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reyes Alejano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101847892","display_name":"Javier V\u00e1zquez\u2010Piqu\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7133-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78880903","display_name":"Universidad de Huelva","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kt624","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier V\u00e1zquez-Piqu\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101847892"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2592,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4874728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"16","first_page":"4040","last_page":"4040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-climate","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","score":0.6264587640762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.5971289277076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity","display_name":"Biodiversity","score":0.5713719129562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.49220624566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4725834131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.46803075075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4411126673221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peninsula","display_name":"Peninsula","score":0.4310110807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.3602439761161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.17197376489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14806875586509705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4646841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13996","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","level":2,"score":0.6264587640762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.5971289277076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5713719129562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.49220624566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4725834131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46803075075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4411126673221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.4310110807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3602439761161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.17197376489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14806875586509705}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14164040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164040","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4040/pdf?version=1661148368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:29be186ef67d46afa0d5e71f6cb91346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/29be186ef67d46afa0d5e71f6cb91346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 16, p 4040 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/16/4040/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rabida.uhu.es:10272/21154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10272/21154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401308","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva (Universidad de Huelva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78880903","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Huelva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78880903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14164040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164040","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4040/pdf?version=1661148368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4231751334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AGL2017-83828-C2-2R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321966","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323309","display_name":"Universidad de Huelva","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kt624"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293817037.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293817037.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110703021","https://openalex.org/W187851220","https://openalex.org/W770016534","https://openalex.org/W1481794564","https://openalex.org/W1485106432","https://openalex.org/W1502583879","https://openalex.org/W1575387063","https://openalex.org/W1599304806","https://openalex.org/W1963778439","https://openalex.org/W1965207276","https://openalex.org/W1975625529","https://openalex.org/W1981132397","https://openalex.org/W1981827347","https://openalex.org/W1990330640","https://openalex.org/W1996359250","https://openalex.org/W2002486217","https://openalex.org/W2012087728","https://openalex.org/W2020534776","https://openalex.org/W2022592610","https://openalex.org/W2022872731","https://openalex.org/W2026902332","https://openalex.org/W2029285931","https://openalex.org/W2029867711","https://openalex.org/W2032581192","https://openalex.org/W2040375200","https://openalex.org/W2050700704","https://openalex.org/W2055397346","https://openalex.org/W2071511902","https://openalex.org/W2072589853","https://openalex.org/W2077498351","https://openalex.org/W2082545908","https://openalex.org/W2084864247","https://openalex.org/W2085520997","https://openalex.org/W2106080357","https://openalex.org/W2107336050","https://openalex.org/W2115271799","https://openalex.org/W2119264734","https://openalex.org/W2136636747","https://openalex.org/W2138395958","https://openalex.org/W2139427406","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2144605903","https://openalex.org/W2145497555","https://openalex.org/W2151298159","https://openalex.org/W2151549592","https://openalex.org/W2159352923","https://openalex.org/W2160177241","https://openalex.org/W2162304676","https://openalex.org/W2163719733","https://openalex.org/W2164198104","https://openalex.org/W2165964695","https://openalex.org/W2175808767","https://openalex.org/W2181552524","https://openalex.org/W2280018493","https://openalex.org/W2333848515","https://openalex.org/W2344535433","https://openalex.org/W2365847253","https://openalex.org/W2383944095","https://openalex.org/W2430239505","https://openalex.org/W2485073828","https://openalex.org/W2538404941","https://openalex.org/W2554927705","https://openalex.org/W2578106389","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2608260148","https://openalex.org/W2618708155","https://openalex.org/W2752995623","https://openalex.org/W2790349426","https://openalex.org/W2793945807","https://openalex.org/W2796528219","https://openalex.org/W2802407025","https://openalex.org/W2803195639","https://openalex.org/W2947257610","https://openalex.org/W2959785805","https://openalex.org/W2994923558","https://openalex.org/W3107007822","https://openalex.org/W3145957422","https://openalex.org/W3205623226","https://openalex.org/W4234314512","https://openalex.org/W4300836045","https://openalex.org/W6669941716","https://openalex.org/W6685701983","https://openalex.org/W6702890223","https://openalex.org/W6722032256","https://openalex.org/W6730258697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209412745","https://openalex.org/W2351704597","https://openalex.org/W4213207618","https://openalex.org/W4205748100","https://openalex.org/W2606703320","https://openalex.org/W2384171704","https://openalex.org/W1991625918","https://openalex.org/W2361642472","https://openalex.org/W2908733761","https://openalex.org/W21993856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,130],"protection":[1],"and":[2,17,29,52,105,121,144,166,191],"conservation":[3],"of":[4,31,33,62,94,125,141,147,179,185],"old-growth":[5,57,63],"forests":[6],"(OGFs)":[7],"are":[8,90],"becoming":[9],"a":[10,68,183],"global":[11],"concern":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,55,100],"their":[15],"irreplaceability":[16],"high":[18],"biodiversity.":[19],"Nonetheless,":[20],"there":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23],"little":[24],"research":[25],"into":[26],"the":[27,34,81,87,177],"identification":[28],"characterization":[30],"OGFs":[32],"oldest":[35,82],"tree":[36,104,137,142],"species":[37],"in":[38,71,86,168],"Mediterranean":[39,169],"areas.":[40],"We":[41,66,108],"used":[42],"forest":[43,64,186],"inventory":[44,96,187],"data,":[45,188],"low-density":[46],"airborne":[47],"laser":[48],"scanning":[49],"(ALS)":[50],"metrics,":[51],"geostatistical":[53,189],"analysis":[54],"estimate":[56],"indices":[58],"(OGIs)":[59],"as":[60],"indicators":[61],"conditions.":[65],"selected":[67],"pilot":[69],"area":[70],"European":[72],"black":[73,170],"pine":[74,171],"(Pinus":[75],"nigra":[76],"subsp.":[77],"salzmannii)":[78],"ecosystems":[79],"where":[80],"known":[83],"living":[84],"trees":[85,149],"Iberian":[88],"Peninsula":[89],"found.":[91],"A":[92],"total":[93],"756":[95],"plots":[97],"were":[98],"established":[99],"characterize":[101],"standard":[102,139],"live":[103],"stand":[106,145],"attributes.":[107],"estimated":[109],"several":[110],"structural":[111],"attributes":[112],"that":[113,176],"discriminate":[114],"old":[115],"growth":[116],"from":[117],"younger":[118],"age":[119],"classes":[120],"calculated":[122],"different":[123,162],"types":[124],"OGI":[126,132],"for":[127,158,195],"each":[128],"plot.":[129],"best":[131],"was":[133],"based":[134,181],"on":[135,182],"mean":[136],"diameter,":[138,143],"deviation":[140],"density":[146],"large":[148],"(diameter":[150],">":[151],"50":[152],"cm).":[153],"This":[154],"index":[155],"is":[156,193],"useful":[157,194],"assessing":[159],"old-growthness":[160],"at":[161],"successional":[163],"stages":[164],"(young":[165],"OGFs)":[167],"forests.":[172],"Our":[173],"results":[174],"confirm":[175],"estimation":[178],"OGIs":[180],"combination":[184],"analysis,":[190],"ALS":[192],"identifying":[196],"OGFs.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-08-31T00:00:00"}