{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292314137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163987","title":"Direct Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity Data Using Ensemble Kalman Filter Based on a Two-Moment Microphysics Scheme for the Analysis and Forecast of Typhoon Lekima (2019)","display_name":"Direct Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity Data Using Ensemble Kalman Filter Based on a Two-Moment Microphysics Scheme for the Analysis and Forecast of Typhoon Lekima (2019)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292314137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163987","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3987/pdf?version=1660711239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3987/pdf?version=1660711239","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101072552","display_name":"Jingyao Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, China","Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather, Ministry of Education, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather, Ministry of Education, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339334","display_name":"Hong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001931607","display_name":"Ming Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-3238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather, Ministry of Education, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-3238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather, Ministry of Education, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031064505","display_name":"Yi\u2010Jie Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100339334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.9491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69310537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"16","first_page":"3987","last_page":"3987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.8140415549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.7924642562866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6227920651435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoon","display_name":"Typhoon","score":0.5835213661193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5690277218818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5363370776176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5137213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4935673475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3950124979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3668874204158783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27117085456848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22171762585639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.18886905908584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12120908498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11774024367332458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.8140415549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.7924642562866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6227920651435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181654704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140588","display_name":"Typhoon","level":2,"score":0.5835213661193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5690277218818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5363370776176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5137213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4935673475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3950124979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3668874204158783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27117085456848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22171762585639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.18886905908584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12120908498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11774024367332458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163987","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3987/pdf?version=1660711239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1240c70e5d3e48ad997b3dc5cb3ffcd2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1240c70e5d3e48ad997b3dc5cb3ffcd2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 16, p 3987 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/16/3987/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 16; Pages: 3987","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163987","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3987/pdf?version=1660711239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1923359986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21XD1404500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4661490678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41575107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292314137.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71773977","https://openalex.org/W1617605498","https://openalex.org/W1966627111","https://openalex.org/W1970027288","https://openalex.org/W1974419942","https://openalex.org/W1999395456","https://openalex.org/W2000238126","https://openalex.org/W2002539016","https://openalex.org/W2006757093","https://openalex.org/W2019775760","https://openalex.org/W2028428800","https://openalex.org/W2028979275","https://openalex.org/W2029807088","https://openalex.org/W2030172227","https://openalex.org/W2031776013","https://openalex.org/W2043963983","https://openalex.org/W2045381799","https://openalex.org/W2080784983","https://openalex.org/W2085006979","https://openalex.org/W2102162831","https://openalex.org/W2102194602","https://openalex.org/W2103680334","https://openalex.org/W2110179017","https://openalex.org/W2116149712","https://openalex.org/W2118264819","https://openalex.org/W2122021473","https://openalex.org/W2127016675","https://openalex.org/W2130484221","https://openalex.org/W2135114661","https://openalex.org/W2140585749","https://openalex.org/W2147119488","https://openalex.org/W2150278270","https://openalex.org/W2162099590","https://openalex.org/W2175565447","https://openalex.org/W2176340475","https://openalex.org/W2177451271","https://openalex.org/W2192371308","https://openalex.org/W2209688069","https://openalex.org/W2397211104","https://openalex.org/W2562226482","https://openalex.org/W2566129366","https://openalex.org/W2601018697","https://openalex.org/W2771424845","https://openalex.org/W2794177610","https://openalex.org/W2885829631","https://openalex.org/W2900621925","https://openalex.org/W3114394032","https://openalex.org/W3115434842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212971657","https://openalex.org/W1949985943","https://openalex.org/W2089385108","https://openalex.org/W2363380593","https://openalex.org/W2377052976","https://openalex.org/W2991541038","https://openalex.org/W2393565244","https://openalex.org/W2613759229","https://openalex.org/W2354857671","https://openalex.org/W2525014937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,53,60,92,103,118,136,142,182,188,193],"impact":[3],"of":[4,81,94,105,107,144,160,167],"directly":[5,130],"assimilating":[6],"radar":[7],"reflectivity":[8,61,133],"data":[9,27,62],"using":[10],"an":[11,68],"ensemble":[12,184],"Kalman":[13],"filter":[14],"(EnKF)":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"a":[18,35,42,112,164],"double-moment":[19],"(DM)":[20],"microphysics":[21],"parameterization":[22],"(MP)":[23],"scheme":[24],"in":[25,67,71,79,171,198],"GSI-EnKF":[26],"assimilation":[28,63],"(DA)":[29],"framework":[30],"and":[31,49,75,84,146,174,196],"WRF":[32],"model":[33],"for":[34],"landfall":[36],"typhoon":[37,76],"Lekima":[38],"(2019).":[39],"Observations":[40],"from":[41],"single":[43],"operational":[44],"coastal":[45],"Doppler":[46],"are":[47,128,139],"quality-controlled":[48],"assimilated.":[50],"Compared":[51],"with":[52,111,162,192],"baseline":[54],"experiment":[55,64],"initialized":[56],"by":[57],"GFS":[58],"analysis,":[59],"(Z-DA)":[65],"resulted":[66],"obvious":[69],"improvement":[70],"both":[72],"structural":[73],"analysis":[74],"forecast":[77,176],"skills":[78],"terms":[80],"intensity,":[82],"precipitation,":[83],"track.":[85],"Sensitivity":[86],"experiments":[87],"were":[88],"conducted":[89],"to":[90,96,132,148,158],"evaluate":[91],"ability":[93],"EnKF":[95],"update":[97],"certain":[98],"state":[99,125,168],"variables":[100,109,126],"considering":[101],"that":[102,127,181],"degree":[104],"freedom":[106],"analytical":[108,203],"increased":[110,153,172],"DM":[113,194],"MP":[114],"scheme.":[115],"When":[116],"either":[117],"total":[119],"number":[120],"concentration":[121],"or":[122],"other":[123],"large-scale":[124],"not":[129,140],"linked":[131],"observations":[134],"via":[135],"observation":[137],"operator":[138],"updated,":[141],"tendency":[143],"RMSIs":[145],"PS":[147],"be":[149],"imbalanced":[150],"is":[151],"significantly":[152],"during":[154],"DA":[155],"cycles":[156],"compared":[157],"those":[159],"Z-DA":[161],"updating":[163],"full":[165],"set":[166],"variables,":[169],"resulting":[170],"intensity":[173],"track":[175],"errors.":[177],"These":[178],"results":[179],"indicate":[180],"reliable":[183],"covariance":[185],"could":[186],"handle":[187],"underconstraint":[189],"issue":[190],"associated":[191],"scheme,":[195],"helps":[197],"obtaining":[199],"more":[200],"physically":[201],"balanced":[202],"fields.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2022-08-19T00:00:00"}