{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291916233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163915","title":"The Dynamic Sea Clutter Simulation of Shore-Based Radar Based on Stokes Waves","display_name":"The Dynamic Sea Clutter Simulation of Shore-Based Radar Based on Stokes Waves","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291916233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163915","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3915/pdf?version=1660305394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3915/pdf?version=1660305394","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700376","display_name":"Feng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-1705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124841900","display_name":"Xuzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02315by94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124841900"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124841900","https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082114668","display_name":"Yao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-8531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210425","display_name":"Guisheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124841900","display_name":"Xuzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02315by94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124841900"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guisheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124841900","https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079278406","display_name":"Linrang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linrang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100700376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124841900","https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.770226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"16","first_page":"3915","last_page":"3915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.776037871837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.52909255027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5203942060470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48205456137657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.4511602520942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4406088888645172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-horizon","display_name":"Radar horizon","score":0.41431164741516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3797491788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.328909695148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28809165954589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.27482494711875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11837714910507202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.776037871837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.52909255027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5203942060470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48205456137657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.4511602520942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4406088888645172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.41431164741516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3797491788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.328909695148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28809165954589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.27482494711875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11837714910507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163915","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3915/pdf?version=1660305394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1177bcb6e3a49efb1b54d9a62fe3aa7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1177bcb6e3a49efb1b54d9a62fe3aa7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 16, p 3915 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/16/3915/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 16; Pages: 3915","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163915","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3915/pdf?version=1660305394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311526","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291916233.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291916233.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1820211232","https://openalex.org/W1963834619","https://openalex.org/W1974480218","https://openalex.org/W1975541549","https://openalex.org/W1977393251","https://openalex.org/W1996176293","https://openalex.org/W1996205700","https://openalex.org/W2008766550","https://openalex.org/W2027030283","https://openalex.org/W2049496041","https://openalex.org/W2069757126","https://openalex.org/W2076618467","https://openalex.org/W2080337061","https://openalex.org/W2085807126","https://openalex.org/W2086140206","https://openalex.org/W2093096424","https://openalex.org/W2094842984","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2107408144","https://openalex.org/W2108941417","https://openalex.org/W2110487068","https://openalex.org/W2117461093","https://openalex.org/W2125441934","https://openalex.org/W2131767071","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2140066159","https://openalex.org/W2146699464","https://openalex.org/W2151398150","https://openalex.org/W2151786616","https://openalex.org/W2156173332","https://openalex.org/W2257063774","https://openalex.org/W2499707207","https://openalex.org/W2613165186","https://openalex.org/W2751696750","https://openalex.org/W2920847383","https://openalex.org/W3110415688","https://openalex.org/W3147291723","https://openalex.org/W4229063248","https://openalex.org/W4240075322","https://openalex.org/W4255669538","https://openalex.org/W6652544158","https://openalex.org/W6743390606","https://openalex.org/W6772322277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056151586","https://openalex.org/W2380614822","https://openalex.org/W2889150207","https://openalex.org/W2382114691","https://openalex.org/W2384467088","https://openalex.org/W2744482061","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W1499428823","https://openalex.org/W2390483201","https://openalex.org/W2351979170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,145,172],"sea":[1,8,26,66,92,136,152,179,198],"clutter":[2,27,67,137,153,158,180,199],"model":[3,42,124],"based":[4,32,70],"on":[5,33,71],"the":[6,29,39,46,89,99,107,113,117,135,150,155,178,189],"physical":[7,40],"surface":[9,41,93],"can":[10,186],"simulate":[11,88],"radar":[12,55,184],"echo":[13,97],"at":[14],"different":[15],"times":[16],"and":[17,19,54,94,112,130,154,169,185],"positions":[18],"is":[20,75,120,128,143,175],"more":[21],"suitable":[22,176],"for":[23,133,177],"describing":[24],"dynamic":[25,65,91],"than":[28],"traditional":[30],"models":[31],"statistical":[34,165],"significance.":[35],"However,":[36],"when":[37],"applying":[38],"to":[43,87,192,194],"shore-based":[44,183],"radar,":[45],"effects":[47],"of":[48,83,101,116,125,182,197],"wave":[49,74,119],"nonlinearity,":[50],"breaking":[51,141],"wave,":[52],"shadow,":[53],"footprint":[56],"size":[57],"must":[58],"be":[59],"considered.":[60],"In":[61,104],"this":[62,105],"paper,":[63],"a":[64,72,122,131],"simulation":[68,181],"scheme":[69,174],"nonlinear":[73,90,114],"proposed":[76,173],"that":[77,149],"uses":[78],"random":[79],"Stokes":[80,118],"waves":[81,86,142],"instead":[82],"linear":[84],"superposition":[85],"then":[95],"calculates":[96],"in":[98,162],"form":[100],"scattering":[102],"cells.":[103],"process,":[106],"relationship":[108],"between":[109],"wind":[110],"speed":[111],"factor":[115],"derived,":[121],"simple":[123],"shadow":[126],"modulation":[127],"provided,":[129],"method":[132],"appending":[134],"spikes":[138],"formed":[139],"by":[140],"developed.":[144],"experimental":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"simulated":[151],"real":[156],"measured":[157],"have":[159],"good":[160],"consistency":[161],"intensity,":[163],"amplitude":[164],"distribution,":[166],"Doppler":[167],"spectrum,":[168],"spatiotemporal":[170],"correlation.":[171],"also":[187],"adjust":[188],"relevant":[190],"parameters":[191],"extend":[193],"other":[195],"types":[196],"simulation.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}