{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290999607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163899","title":"Estimating Global Anthropogenic CO2 Gridded Emissions Using a Data-Driven Stacked Random Forest Regression Model","display_name":"Estimating Global Anthropogenic CO2 Gridded Emissions Using a Data-Driven Stacked Random Forest Regression Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290999607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163899","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3899/pdf?version=1660224160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3899/pdf?version=1660224160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067812233","display_name":"Yucong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-5066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031065239","display_name":"Xinjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-3031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103560789","display_name":"Liping Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107865072","display_name":"Liangyun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-037X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangyun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107865072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.5026,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93387012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"16","first_page":"3899","last_page":"3899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.8013370037078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.6412387490272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-cycle","display_name":"Carbon cycle","score":0.5589185953140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.45258697867393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.44555899500846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.441878080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4066896140575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37323465943336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12394508719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12141185998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.11043566465377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.1013936996459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09404110908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09376406669616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08255332708358765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.8013370037078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.6412387490272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6939412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon cycle","level":3,"score":0.5589185953140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.45258697867393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.44555899500846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.441878080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4066896140575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37323465943336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12394508719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12141185998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.11043566465377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.1013936996459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09404110908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09376406669616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08255332708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163899","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3899/pdf?version=1660224160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d37e8fab1d744c3a822fa24270eeb79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d37e8fab1d744c3a822fa24270eeb79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 16, p 3899 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/16/3899/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14163899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163899","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3899/pdf?version=1660224160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3728277492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41825002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290999607.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290999607.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512718629","https://openalex.org/W1719739711","https://openalex.org/W1823103887","https://openalex.org/W1965446559","https://openalex.org/W1976328157","https://openalex.org/W1987889601","https://openalex.org/W1991750682","https://openalex.org/W2001507362","https://openalex.org/W2010989045","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2060641860","https://openalex.org/W2071944120","https://openalex.org/W2072413429","https://openalex.org/W2104471998","https://openalex.org/W2105682071","https://openalex.org/W2106471390","https://openalex.org/W2111195126","https://openalex.org/W2132041750","https://openalex.org/W2135228100","https://openalex.org/W2139243186","https://openalex.org/W2155241837","https://openalex.org/W2157403715","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2295249668","https://openalex.org/W2298779432","https://openalex.org/W2303893653","https://openalex.org/W2341253211","https://openalex.org/W2461419449","https://openalex.org/W2547552060","https://openalex.org/W2549683514","https://openalex.org/W2572951874","https://openalex.org/W2591436041","https://openalex.org/W2653148934","https://openalex.org/W2738771715","https://openalex.org/W2743859149","https://openalex.org/W2749447601","https://openalex.org/W2762558415","https://openalex.org/W2763551617","https://openalex.org/W2809727535","https://openalex.org/W2899658391","https://openalex.org/W2902680325","https://openalex.org/W2909500778","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912861686","https://openalex.org/W2918142502","https://openalex.org/W2918851169","https://openalex.org/W2919558946","https://openalex.org/W2943838191","https://openalex.org/W2955480378","https://openalex.org/W2966865802","https://openalex.org/W2970470446","https://openalex.org/W2990474957","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3002608077","https://openalex.org/W3010561629","https://openalex.org/W3013819707","https://openalex.org/W3032607217","https://openalex.org/W3046678016","https://openalex.org/W3089027435","https://openalex.org/W3092534706","https://openalex.org/W3092615017","https://openalex.org/W3093432062","https://openalex.org/W3102461524","https://openalex.org/W3106264152","https://openalex.org/W3111196312","https://openalex.org/W3134417991","https://openalex.org/W3159004443","https://openalex.org/W3216306569","https://openalex.org/W4205804353","https://openalex.org/W4213098229","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4321501465","https://openalex.org/W6769072588","https://openalex.org/W6803560448","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000097242","https://openalex.org/W2984321459","https://openalex.org/W3175177286","https://openalex.org/W1827381938","https://openalex.org/W4212929152","https://openalex.org/W2793473535","https://openalex.org/W1541641667","https://openalex.org/W2606146316","https://openalex.org/W2508244849","https://openalex.org/W2988430612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,142],"accurate":[1],"estimation":[2],"of":[3,8,23,56,100,135,140,158,201],"anthropogenic":[4,105,203],"carbon":[5,15,81],"emissions":[6,119,145,164,205],"is":[7],"great":[9],"significance":[10],"for":[11,41,104],"understanding":[12],"the":[13,19,53,73,109,114,161,172,181],"global":[14,24,44],"cycle":[16],"and":[17,21,27,83,137,160],"guides":[18],"setting":[20],"implementation":[22],"climate":[25],"policy":[26],"CO2":[28,47,58,106,204],"emission-reduction":[29],"goals.":[30],"This":[31,190],"study":[32,191],"built":[33,94],"a":[34,124,129,166,207],"data-driven":[35,194],"stacked":[36,88],"random":[37,89,195],"forest":[38,90,196],"regression":[39,91,197],"model":[40,92,110,131],"estimating":[42,202],"gridded":[43,98,144],"fossil":[45],"fuel":[46],"emissions.":[48],"driving":[50],"variables":[51],"include":[52],"annual":[54],"features":[55],"column-averaged":[57],"dry-air":[59],"mole":[60],"fraction":[61],"(XCO2)":[62],"anomalies":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"their":[66],"ecofloristic":[67],"zone,":[68],"night-time":[69],"light":[70],"data":[71,102],"from":[72],"Visible":[74],"Infrared":[75],"Imaging":[76],"Radiometer":[77],"Suite":[78],"(VIIRS),":[79],"terrestrial":[80],"fluxes,":[82],"vegetation":[84],"parameters.":[85],"A":[86],"two-layer":[87],"was":[93,111],"to":[95,117,180],"fit":[96],"1\u00b0":[97,153],"inventory":[99,103],"open-source":[101],"(ODIAC).":[107],"Then,":[108],"trained":[112],"using":[113],"2014\u20132018":[115],"dataset":[116],"estimate":[118],"in":[120,187],"2019,":[121],"which":[122],"provided":[123,165],"higher":[125,167],"accuracy":[126],"compared":[127,179],"with":[128,132,148,155,171],"single-layer":[130],"an":[133,138,156],"R2":[134,157,168],"0.766":[136],"RMSE":[139],"0.359.":[141],"predicted":[143],"are":[146,199],"consistent":[147],"Global":[149,173],"Carbon":[150,174],"Grid":[151],"at":[152,169,206],"scale":[154],"0.665,":[159],"national":[162],"total":[163],"0.977":[170],"Project":[175],"(GCP)":[176],"data,":[177,186],"as":[178],"ODIAC":[182],"(R2":[183],"=":[184],"0.956)":[185],"European":[188],"countries.":[189],"demonstrates":[192],"that":[193],"models":[198],"capable":[200],"grid":[208],"scale.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}