{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292454736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153835","title":"Assessment and Hydrological Validation of Merged Near-Real-Time Satellite Precipitation Estimates Based on the Gauge-Free Triple Collocation Approach","display_name":"Assessment and Hydrological Validation of Merged Near-Real-Time Satellite Precipitation Estimates Based on the Gauge-Free Triple Collocation Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292454736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3835/pdf?version=1660038377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3835/pdf?version=1660038377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034029094","display_name":"Daling Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daling Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340774","display_name":"Hongtao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology Center of Jinan, Jinan 250014, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology Center of Jinan, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055478333","display_name":"Enguang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-2091"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enguang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology Center of Jinan, Jinan 250014, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology Center of Jinan, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019088953","display_name":"Sulin Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology Center of Jinan, Jinan 250014, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology Center of Jinan, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069657194","display_name":"Chengguang Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-8750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengguang Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069657194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4889,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8001845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"15","first_page":"3835","last_page":"3835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamflow","display_name":"Streamflow","score":0.6570131778717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.6456241011619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6332496404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5746546983718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5177406668663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.500633955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.46777406334877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collocation","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","score":0.4561937749385834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-estimation","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","score":0.4358609616756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.42370137572288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3296983242034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.27371394634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13460281491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11298298835754395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53739315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Streamflow","level":3,"score":0.6570131778717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.6456241011619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6332496404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5746546983718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5177406668663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.500633955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.46777406334877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80023036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147531","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","level":2,"score":0.4561937749385834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75398719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268938","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","level":3,"score":0.4358609616756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.42370137572288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3296983242034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.27371394634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13460281491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11298298835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3835/pdf?version=1660038377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6130add7c9994fc79fa958f9e3f54722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6130add7c9994fc79fa958f9e3f54722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 15, p 3835 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/15/3835/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 15; Pages: 3835","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3835/pdf?version=1660038377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6888827470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515010019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321569","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292454736.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292454736.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601881165","https://openalex.org/W1672537596","https://openalex.org/W1969645208","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2007051388","https://openalex.org/W2010624461","https://openalex.org/W2040208504","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2094653192","https://openalex.org/W2101394945","https://openalex.org/W2108451987","https://openalex.org/W2110231645","https://openalex.org/W2119803205","https://openalex.org/W2120321707","https://openalex.org/W2122315938","https://openalex.org/W2138763184","https://openalex.org/W2152680745","https://openalex.org/W2154997228","https://openalex.org/W2155444674","https://openalex.org/W2156999297","https://openalex.org/W2689045665","https://openalex.org/W2775321046","https://openalex.org/W2801238510","https://openalex.org/W2966298323","https://openalex.org/W2980629285","https://openalex.org/W2981730281","https://openalex.org/W2984819106","https://openalex.org/W2994680372","https://openalex.org/W3005197680","https://openalex.org/W3005813145","https://openalex.org/W3008294212","https://openalex.org/W3016242410","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3027878819","https://openalex.org/W3036238619","https://openalex.org/W3044411297","https://openalex.org/W3107195989","https://openalex.org/W3107362965","https://openalex.org/W3108688628","https://openalex.org/W3119095696","https://openalex.org/W3123129644","https://openalex.org/W3184026421","https://openalex.org/W3209475566","https://openalex.org/W4200129483","https://openalex.org/W4210854286","https://openalex.org/W4213008081","https://openalex.org/W6676590543","https://openalex.org/W6683293562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145653316","https://openalex.org/W2187842392","https://openalex.org/W2771890980","https://openalex.org/W2404304135","https://openalex.org/W2370941241","https://openalex.org/W2056439781","https://openalex.org/W2772235312","https://openalex.org/W58316","https://openalex.org/W2132523022","https://openalex.org/W2040096667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obtaining":[0],"accurate":[1],"near-real-time":[2,51,73,233,242],"precipitation":[3,8,37,53],"data":[4,33],"and":[5,34,57,89,135,248,251],"merging":[6,40,166,226],"multiple":[7],"estimates":[9,38],"require":[10,30],"sufficient":[11],"in-situ":[12,133],"rain":[13,31],"gauge":[14,32,236],"networks.":[15],"The":[16,115,170,224],"triple":[17],"collocation":[18],"(TC)":[19],"approach":[20,47,155,227],"is":[21],"a":[22],"novel":[23],"error":[24,159],"assessment":[25],"method":[26],"that":[27,118,189],"does":[28],"not":[29],"provides":[35],"reasonable":[36],"by":[39,193],"data;":[41],"this":[42],"study":[43],"assesses":[44],"the":[45,58,61,76,90,109,119,132,139,150,153,158,173,179,190,194,199,211,214,217],"TC":[46,154,225],"for":[48,64,80,145,156,164,167,206,230,241],"producing":[49,231],"reliable":[50,232],"satellite-based":[52],"estimate":[54],"(SPE)":[55],"products":[56,219],"utility":[59,176],"of":[60,67,152,161,172],"merged":[62,121,142,196],"SPEs":[63,122,143,163,197,234],"hydrological":[65,174],"modeling":[66,175,207,246],"ungauged":[68,168,255],"areas.":[69,169,256],"Three":[70],"widely":[71],"used":[72,107,144],"SPEs,":[74,127,204],"including":[75],"Integrated":[77],"Multi-satellite":[78],"Retrievals":[79],"Global":[81],"Precipitation":[82,91],"Measurement":[83],"(IMERG)":[84],"early/late":[85],"run":[86],"(E/L)":[87],"series,":[88],"Estimation":[92],"from":[93],"Remotely":[94],"Sensed":[95],"Information":[96],"Using":[97],"Artificial":[98],"Neural":[99],"Networks-Dynamic":[100],"Infrared":[101],"Rain":[102],"Rate":[103],"(PDIR)":[104],"products,":[105],"are":[106],"in":[108,112,220,254],"Beijiang":[110],"basin":[111],"south":[113],"China.":[114],"results":[116],"show":[117,136],"TC-based":[120,195],"generally":[123],"outperform":[124],"all":[125,203],"original":[126],"with":[128,131,213],"higher":[129],"consistency":[130],"observations,":[134],"superiority":[137,151],"over":[138],"simple":[140],"equal-weighted":[141],"comparison;":[146],"these":[147],"findings":[148],"indicate":[149],"utilizing":[157],"characteristics":[160],"input":[162],"multi-SPE":[165],"validation":[171],"based":[177],"on":[178],"G\u00e9nie":[180],"Rural":[181],"\u00e0":[182],"4":[183],"param\u00e8tres":[184],"Journalier":[185],"(GR4J)":[186],"model":[187],"shows":[188],"streamflow":[191,209,222],"modeled":[192],"has":[198],"best":[200],"performance":[201],"among":[202],"especially":[205],"low":[208,221],"because":[210],"integration":[212],"PDIR":[215],"outperforms":[216],"IMERG":[218],"modeling.":[223],"performs":[228],"satisfactorily":[229],"without":[235],"data,":[237],"showing":[238],"great":[239],"potential":[240],"applications,":[243],"such":[244],"as":[245],"rainstorms":[247],"monitoring":[249],"floods":[250],"flash":[252],"droughts":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
