{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290755760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153816","title":"An Ornithologist\u2019s Guide for Including Machine Learning in a Workflow to Identify a Secretive Focal Species from Recorded Audio","display_name":"An Ornithologist\u2019s Guide for Including Machine Learning in a Workflow to Identify a Secretive Focal Species from Recorded Audio","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290755760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153816","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3816/pdf?version=1659948032","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3816/pdf?version=1659948032","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347769","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1846-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064255140","display_name":"Qiyu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-8768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006919703","display_name":"Dustin E. Brewer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dustin E. Brewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042171850","display_name":"Thomas Gehring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-2156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Gehring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033383597","display_name":"Jesse Eickholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-1838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Eickholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006919703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75013123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"15","first_page":"3816","last_page":"3816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11665","display_name":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1309","display_name":"Developmental Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11665","display_name":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1309","display_name":"Developmental Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.721260666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6873945593833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5164301991462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4665603041648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4244632422924042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42414388060569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11598286032676697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.721260666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6873945593833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5164301991462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4665603041648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4244632422924042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42414388060569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11598286032676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153816","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3816/pdf?version=1659948032","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ea2def469584223a93bb955f9ae1fc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ea2def469584223a93bb955f9ae1fc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 15, p 3816 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/15/3816/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153816","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3816/pdf?version=1659948032","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4431656420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F19AP00330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332182","funder_display_name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310633","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332182","display_name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7dar27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332748","display_name":"College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290755760.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290755760.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989723545","https://openalex.org/W2006627953","https://openalex.org/W2067179326","https://openalex.org/W2069943693","https://openalex.org/W2134653501","https://openalex.org/W2149151549","https://openalex.org/W2169286869","https://openalex.org/W2264085431","https://openalex.org/W2295582178","https://openalex.org/W2395266509","https://openalex.org/W2528491735","https://openalex.org/W2531599095","https://openalex.org/W2620118502","https://openalex.org/W2765923307","https://openalex.org/W2883595988","https://openalex.org/W2891146928","https://openalex.org/W2894847505","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2953164412","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2966292152","https://openalex.org/W2974449448","https://openalex.org/W3094797531","https://openalex.org/W3121931845","https://openalex.org/W3137411420","https://openalex.org/W3198408613","https://openalex.org/W3201163362","https://openalex.org/W4245100404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"and":[1,12,26,48,109],"efficient":[2],"avian":[3,168],"monitoring":[4,29],"tools":[5],"are":[6],"required":[7,82],"to":[8,43,57,87,140,144,162],"identify":[9,49],"population":[10],"change":[11],"then":[13],"guide":[14],"conservation":[15,166],"initiatives.":[16],"Autonomous":[17],"recording":[18],"units":[19],"(ARUs)":[20],"could":[21,41,129,160],"increase":[22],"both":[23],"the":[24,76,111,164],"amount":[25,77,112],"quality":[27],"of":[28,34,78,107,113,124,148,167],"data,":[30],"though":[31,52],"manual":[32],"analysis":[33],"recordings":[35,86,147],"is":[36],"time":[37,81],"consuming.":[38],"Machine":[39],"learning":[40,73,143],"help":[42,161],"analyze":[44,145],"these":[45],"audio":[46,85,114,146],"data":[47],"focal":[50,91,150],"species,":[51],"few":[53],"ornithologists":[54],"know":[55],"how":[56,71],"cater":[58],"this":[59],"tool":[60],"for":[61,83,115,136],"their":[62],"own":[63],"projects.":[64],"We":[65],"present":[66],"a":[67,89,105,149],"workflow":[68],"that":[69,101,152],"exemplifies":[70],"machine":[72,142],"can":[74],"reduce":[75],"expert":[79,116],"review":[80,117],"analyzing":[84],"detect":[88],"secretive":[90],"species":[92,151],"(Sora;":[93],"Porzana":[94],"carolina).":[95],"The":[96],"deep":[97],"convolutional":[98],"neural":[99],"network":[100],"we":[102],"trained":[103],"achieved":[104],"precision":[106],"97%":[108],"reduced":[110],"by":[118],"~66%":[119],"while":[120],"still":[121],"retaining":[122],"60%":[123],"Sora":[125],"calls.":[126],"Our":[127],"study":[128],"be":[130],"particularly":[131],"useful,":[132],"as":[133],"an":[134],"example,":[135],"those":[137],"who":[138],"wish":[139],"utilize":[141],"has":[153],"not":[154],"often":[155],"been":[156],"recorded.":[157],"Such":[158],"applications":[159],"facilitate":[163],"effective":[165],"populations.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-08-09T00:00:00"}