{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292451798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153801","title":"Soil Moisture Mapping with Moisture-Related Indices, OPTRAM, and an Integrated Random Forest-OPTRAM Algorithm from Landsat 8 Images","display_name":"Soil Moisture Mapping with Moisture-Related Indices, OPTRAM, and an Integrated Random Forest-OPTRAM Algorithm from Landsat 8 Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292451798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3801/pdf?version=1660015470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3801/pdf?version=1660015470","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024014159","display_name":"Umesh Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-6351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umesh Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043633675","display_name":"Aaron Lee M. Daigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-4800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron L. M. Daigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, School of Natural Resources Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, School of Natural Resources Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076712098","display_name":"Peter G. Oduor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter G. Oduor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024014159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88885102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"15","first_page":"3801","last_page":"3801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.7200394868850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.699858546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5427754521369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.5329687595367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.516353964805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4767143130302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47554418444633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.4644152522087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.4174681305885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.27240943908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2586180567741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16853514313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1372801661491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1210799515247345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.7200394868850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.699858546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5427754521369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.5329687595367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.516353964805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4767143130302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47554418444633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4644152522087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.4174681305885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.27240943908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2586180567741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16853514313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1372801661491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1210799515247345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3801/pdf?version=1660015470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed496fdb6b4c438fa47ba5bac053b886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed496fdb6b4c438fa47ba5bac053b886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 15, p 3801 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/15/3801/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3801/pdf?version=1660015470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2464407085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIFA Hatch","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4569721982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1005366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4905013086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1005366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7044461960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"USDA-NIFA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7792224063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"USDA-NRCS-CIG 69-3A75-17-282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312578","display_name":"North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332243","display_name":"Water Resources Research Institute, North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292451798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292451798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578138499","https://openalex.org/W1672537596","https://openalex.org/W1931431119","https://openalex.org/W1966854945","https://openalex.org/W1968612971","https://openalex.org/W1974110440","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1984421533","https://openalex.org/W1994378716","https://openalex.org/W1995681240","https://openalex.org/W1999232283","https://openalex.org/W2000394269","https://openalex.org/W2012168456","https://openalex.org/W2013995037","https://openalex.org/W2015415375","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2033600080","https://openalex.org/W2041158381","https://openalex.org/W2043290546","https://openalex.org/W2058232479","https://openalex.org/W2059567791","https://openalex.org/W2060231063","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2065191898","https://openalex.org/W2066182743","https://openalex.org/W2066221008","https://openalex.org/W2068371905","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2090683582","https://openalex.org/W2095896231","https://openalex.org/W2097936600","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2105782107","https://openalex.org/W2115672883","https://openalex.org/W2130989950","https://openalex.org/W2133272607","https://openalex.org/W2134575632","https://openalex.org/W2139682450","https://openalex.org/W2153179024","https://openalex.org/W2157005989","https://openalex.org/W2167787089","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2188767531","https://openalex.org/W2322915731","https://openalex.org/W2482630804","https://openalex.org/W2509917403","https://openalex.org/W2511759972","https://openalex.org/W2538628769","https://openalex.org/W2566428602","https://openalex.org/W2592532736","https://openalex.org/W2599868771","https://openalex.org/W2620888648","https://openalex.org/W2753670894","https://openalex.org/W2757736326","https://openalex.org/W2769034604","https://openalex.org/W2801531238","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915481549","https://openalex.org/W2964806367","https://openalex.org/W3025465815","https://openalex.org/W3035803741","https://openalex.org/W3048731834","https://openalex.org/W3095322547","https://openalex.org/W3103753913","https://openalex.org/W3199350497","https://openalex.org/W4319289039","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6849296793","https://openalex.org/W7000791799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108512031","https://openalex.org/W2063755384","https://openalex.org/W2048409327","https://openalex.org/W2153306223","https://openalex.org/W2997015357","https://openalex.org/W2390117385","https://openalex.org/W2123825282","https://openalex.org/W1977273908","https://openalex.org/W2079990215","https://openalex.org/W2575795810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1],"tools":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"extensively":[5],"used":[6,100,113],"for":[7],"large-scale":[8],"soil":[9,21],"moisture":[10,35,169],"(SM)":[11],"mapping":[12],"in":[13,32,56,147],"recent":[14],"years,":[15],"using":[16,67,163,167],"Landsat":[17],"satellite":[18,65],"images.":[19],"Rainfall,":[20],"clay":[22,180],"percentage,":[23],"and":[24,49,73,88,106,129,135,139,172,178,189],"the":[25,34,51,68,77,107,126,173],"standardized":[26,174],"precipitation":[27,175],"index":[28,176],"play":[29],"key":[30],"roles":[31],"determining":[33],"content":[36,132],"of":[37,42,53,184],"crop":[38,89],"fields.":[39],"The":[40,96,118],"objective":[41],"this":[43],"study":[44],"was":[45,99,112,160],"to":[46,101,114],"(i)":[47],"calculate":[48],"determine":[50],"effectiveness":[52],"moisture-related":[54,103,127],"indices":[55,104,128],"predicting":[57],"surface":[58,62,130,149],"SM,":[59,143],"(ii)":[60],"predict":[61],"SM":[63,131,159],"from":[64],"images":[66],"Optical":[69],"Trapezoid":[70],"Model":[71],"(OPTRAM),":[72],"(iii)":[74],"evaluate":[75],"if":[76],"OPTRAM":[78,116,142,168],"predictions":[79],"can":[80],"be":[81],"improved":[82],"by":[83],"incorporating":[84],"weather":[85],"station,":[86],"soil,":[87],"data":[90],"with":[91,146,154],"a":[92,121],"random":[93,164],"forest":[94,165],"algorithm.":[95],"ENVI\u00ae":[97],"platform":[98],"create":[102],"maps,":[105],"Google":[108],"Earth":[109],"Engine":[110],"(GEE)":[111],"prepare":[115],"maps.":[117],"results":[119],"showed":[120,151,181],"very":[122],"weak":[123,152],"relationship":[124,153],"between":[125],"where":[133],"r2":[134],"slopes":[136],"were":[137],"\u02c20.10":[138],"\u02c20.20,":[140],"respectively.":[141],"when":[144],"compared":[145],"situ":[148],"moisture,":[150],"regression":[155,166],"values":[156],"\u02c20.2.":[157],"Surface":[158],"then":[161],"predicted":[162],"values,":[170],"rainfall,":[171],"(SPI),":[177],"percent":[179],"high":[182],"goodness":[183],"fit":[185],"(r2":[186],"=":[187,196],"0.69)":[188],"low":[190],"root":[191],"mean":[192],"square":[193],"error":[194],"(RMSE":[195],"0.053":[197],"m3":[198],"m\u22123).":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}