{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289205456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153636","title":"Spatial\u2013Temporal Relationship Study between NWP PWV and Precipitation: A Case Study of \u2018July 20\u2019 Heavy Rainstorm in Zhengzhou","display_name":"Spatial\u2013Temporal Relationship Study between NWP PWV and Precipitation: A Case Study of \u2018July 20\u2019 Heavy Rainstorm in Zhengzhou","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289205456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153636","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3636/pdf?version=1659514588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3636/pdf?version=1659514588","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101762161","display_name":"Ying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-021X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363056","display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-0008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343846","display_name":"Min Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4827-8354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131507","display_name":"Shanghai Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbkt876","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346180","display_name":"Jin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051067295","display_name":"Fangzhao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangzhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064546113","display_name":"Jianhui Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-9994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008983112","display_name":"Hongzhan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 299590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101762161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4447,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88397529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"15","first_page":"3636","last_page":"3636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6760714650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6588932871818542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6121269464492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.594247043132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.4932834506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitable-water","display_name":"Precipitable water","score":0.4566662609577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.42484259605407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.36043208837509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15991517901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1187526285648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.06372588872909546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6760714650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6588932871818542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6121269464492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.594247043132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.4932834506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156008332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778526","display_name":"Precipitable water","level":3,"score":0.4566662609577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.42484259605407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.36043208837509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15991517901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1187526285648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.06372588872909546}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153636","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3636/pdf?version=1659514588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a18117d30a494c0985682c31d36e18d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a18117d30a494c0985682c31d36e18d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 15, p 3636 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/15/3636/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 15; Pages: 3636","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14153636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153636","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3636/pdf?version=1659514588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3952839068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MERRA-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3962930681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42005099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8434610653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42174035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310258","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314997","display_name":"Strong","ror":"https://ror.org/041vyzr56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331771","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289205456.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289205456.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W790778252","https://openalex.org/W1625595678","https://openalex.org/W1963904967","https://openalex.org/W1973669113","https://openalex.org/W1976087358","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W1994304076","https://openalex.org/W2004819268","https://openalex.org/W2060414271","https://openalex.org/W2067715694","https://openalex.org/W2071949216","https://openalex.org/W2108896901","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2134631034","https://openalex.org/W2135750150","https://openalex.org/W2174616381","https://openalex.org/W2194644153","https://openalex.org/W2346521893","https://openalex.org/W2525802607","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2738885963","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2757163858","https://openalex.org/W2785375079","https://openalex.org/W2795624920","https://openalex.org/W2906266828","https://openalex.org/W2914475297","https://openalex.org/W2923325264","https://openalex.org/W2926278776","https://openalex.org/W2955301595","https://openalex.org/W2965420806","https://openalex.org/W2998019543","https://openalex.org/W3002442190","https://openalex.org/W3005417347","https://openalex.org/W3006186885","https://openalex.org/W3037573100","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3092968435","https://openalex.org/W3151143064","https://openalex.org/W3174292030","https://openalex.org/W3184653319","https://openalex.org/W3188857689","https://openalex.org/W6888680925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481473004","https://openalex.org/W2384996032","https://openalex.org/W1985945086","https://openalex.org/W1967780271","https://openalex.org/W2383463955","https://openalex.org/W3198254179","https://openalex.org/W2383715713","https://openalex.org/W2090013668","https://openalex.org/W2389996068","https://openalex.org/W2099589422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,41,88,124],"study":[3,42,144],"and":[4,10,16,31,45,50,78,97,100,114,131,173,199,215,222,235,252],"forecast":[5],"extreme":[6],"weather,":[7],"a":[8,142],"comprehensive":[9],"systematic":[11],"analysis":[12],"of":[13,37,92,106,118,165,179,188],"the":[14,43,53,65,76,90,101,104,115,127,134,163,176,180,203,226],"spatial":[15,46],"temporal":[17,44],"relationship":[18,47,128,248],"between":[19,48,129,219,249],"Precipitable":[20],"Water":[21],"Vapor":[22],"(PWV),":[23],"predicted":[24],"by":[25,69,95,147],"Numerical":[26],"Weather":[27],"Predication":[28],"(NWP)":[29],"data,":[30,99],"precipitation,":[32],"is":[33],"necessary.":[34],"The":[35,152,185,210,239,246],"goal":[36],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"was":[40,86,145,168,191,233,244,255],"PWV":[49,66,93,108,113,130,167,182,190,221,251],"precipitation":[51,116,132,198,201,224,254],"during":[52,133,202,225],"so-called":[54],"\u2018July":[55,135,204,227],"20\u2019":[56,136,205,228],"(18\u201321":[57],"July":[58],"2021)":[59],"heavy":[60,137,206,229],"rainstorm":[61,138,207,230],"in":[62,82,84,139,208,231],"Zhengzhou.":[63,140,209],"Firstly,":[64],"data":[67,117],"provided":[68],"120":[70],"radiosonde":[71],"stations":[72,81,121],"uniformly":[73],"distributed":[74],"throughout":[75],"world,":[77],"two":[79],"IGS":[80],"China,":[83],"2020,":[85],"used":[87,123],"evaluate":[89],"accuracy":[91,105,164],"estimation":[94,183],"ERA5":[96,112,166,189],"MERRA-2":[98,161],"factors":[102,178],"affecting":[103],"NWP":[107,181,220,250],"were":[109,122,156,175],"explored.":[110],"Secondly,":[111],"six":[119],"meteorological":[120],"qualitatively":[125],"analyze":[126],"Finally,":[141],"quantitative":[143],"conducted":[146],"an":[148],"eigenvalue":[149],"matching":[150,213,217,242],"method.":[151],"main":[153],"experimental":[154],"results":[155],"as":[157],"follows.":[158],"Compared":[159],"with":[160,193],"PWV,":[162],"slightly":[169],"higher.":[170],"Latitude,":[171],"altitude":[172],"season":[174],"influencing":[177],"accuracy.":[184],"change":[186],"trend":[187],"consistent":[192],"both":[194],"24":[195],"h":[196],"cumulative":[197],"surface":[200,223,253],"average":[211],"optimal":[212,216,241],"degree":[214,243],"time":[218],"Zhengzhou":[232],"56.6%":[234],"3.68":[236],"h,":[237],"respectively.":[238],"maximum":[240],"80.3%.":[245],"spatial\u2013temporal":[247],"strong.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-08-01T00:00:00"}
