{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285803695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143435","title":"Comprehensive Analysis and Validation of the Atmospheric Weighted Mean Temperature Models in China","display_name":"Comprehensive Analysis and Validation of the Atmospheric Weighted Mean Temperature Models in China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285803695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3435/pdf?version=1658217312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3435/pdf?version=1658217312","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059799600","display_name":"Yongjie Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-878X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjie Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-878X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038075494","display_name":"Qingzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-0877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368801","display_name":"Kan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-5066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China","Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053458962","display_name":"Wanqiang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-3810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanqiang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101817853","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102846355","display_name":"Zufeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7320-992X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zufeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011290120","display_name":"Yun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7370-0663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100368801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.8192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92138004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"14","first_page":"3435","last_page":"3435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.7833893299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6129021644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.5257980227470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5201271176338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4649324119091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.4491816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4304197132587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4258062243461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.42212235927581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.38946014642715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3798920512199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.328410804271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2388538122177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.17128905653953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14968717098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12999022006988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09173056483268738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.7833893299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6129021644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.5257980227470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5201271176338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4649324119091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.4491816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4304197132587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4258062243461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.42212235927581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.38946014642715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3798920512199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.328410804271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2388538122177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.17128905653953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14968717098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12999022006988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09173056483268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3435/pdf?version=1658217312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ff2f9ff14b44b288bc6b6dd61af945f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ff2f9ff14b44b288bc6b6dd61af945f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 14, p 3435 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/14/3435/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3435/pdf?version=1658217312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8233972244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021SZJC1004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324530","funder_display_name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324530","display_name":"Fourth Military Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285803695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285803695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W2001402809","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2099473264","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2151536681","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2757856732","https://openalex.org/W2791146049","https://openalex.org/W2793913504","https://openalex.org/W2803340376","https://openalex.org/W2886858165","https://openalex.org/W2888302269","https://openalex.org/W2921004868","https://openalex.org/W2963590234","https://openalex.org/W2968008393","https://openalex.org/W2981551760","https://openalex.org/W2994786081","https://openalex.org/W2996931448","https://openalex.org/W3005417347","https://openalex.org/W3005566257","https://openalex.org/W3005719930","https://openalex.org/W3010715572","https://openalex.org/W3024444838","https://openalex.org/W3029195096","https://openalex.org/W3037348855","https://openalex.org/W3037852039","https://openalex.org/W3087251640","https://openalex.org/W3091326895","https://openalex.org/W3127742799","https://openalex.org/W3130148077","https://openalex.org/W3138988591","https://openalex.org/W3160418974","https://openalex.org/W3176182913","https://openalex.org/W3183831854","https://openalex.org/W3189793971","https://openalex.org/W3192122071","https://openalex.org/W3201436459","https://openalex.org/W3204143745","https://openalex.org/W3207532470","https://openalex.org/W3216897621","https://openalex.org/W4220927990","https://openalex.org/W4224288490","https://openalex.org/W4286918254","https://openalex.org/W4406602016","https://openalex.org/W6771414241","https://openalex.org/W6779869033","https://openalex.org/W6790038511","https://openalex.org/W6801993816","https://openalex.org/W6802766384","https://openalex.org/W6804346590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504859751","https://openalex.org/W1946714059","https://openalex.org/W2318856281","https://openalex.org/W1989173565","https://openalex.org/W2389014277","https://openalex.org/W2352174175","https://openalex.org/W2358996359","https://openalex.org/W2015403142","https://openalex.org/W2124466890","https://openalex.org/W227720562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atmospheric":[0],"weighted":[1],"mean":[2,174],"temperature":[3],"(Tm)":[4],"is":[5,300],"a":[6],"key":[7],"parameter":[8],"used":[9],"by":[10],"the":[11,53,72,80,86,93,115,135,142,148,180,220,280,290,297],"Global":[12,74,87,94],"Navigation":[13],"Satellite":[14],"System":[15],"(GNSS)":[16],"for":[17,57,83,179,305],"calculating":[18,306],"precipitable":[19],"water":[20],"vapor":[21],"(PWV).":[22],"Some":[23],"empirical":[24],"Tm":[25,55,69,81,99,123,153,304],"models":[26,103,154,187,201,213,224,249,259,275],"using":[27,134],"meteorological":[28,137],"or":[29],"non-meteorological":[30],"parameters":[31],"have":[32,202,226,250],"been":[33],"proposed":[34],"to":[35,119,302],"calculate":[36],"PWV,":[37],"but":[38],"their":[39],"accuracy":[40,149,204,216,228,236,252,293],"and":[41,51,65,76,92,139,162,168,177,185,191,199,211,217,234,241,247,257,264,294],"reliability":[42],"cannot":[43],"be":[44],"guaranteed":[45],"in":[46,60,112,129,155,205,229,237,253,269,308],"some":[47,67],"regions.":[48],"To":[49],"validate":[50],"determine":[52],"optimal":[54],"model":[56,82,268,288,299],"PWV":[58,307],"retrieval":[59],"China,":[61,285],"this":[62],"paper":[63],"analyzes":[64],"evaluates":[66],"typical":[68],"models,":[70,197],"namely,":[71],"Linear,":[73,181],"Pressure":[75],"Temperature":[77],"3":[78],"(GPT3),":[79],"China":[84,113,130,156],"(CTm),":[85],"Weighted":[88],"Mean":[89],"Temperature-H":[90],"(GTm-H)":[91],"Tropospheric":[95],"(GTrop)":[96],"models.":[97],"The":[98,121,171],"values":[100,124],"of":[101,117,125,150,284],"these":[102,151,196],"are":[104,131,188,260],"first":[105],"obtained":[106],"at":[107],"corresponding":[108,122],"radiosonde":[109],"(RS)":[110],"stations":[111,128],"over":[114],"period":[116],"2011":[118],"2020.":[120],"87":[126],"RS":[127],"also":[132],"calculated":[133],"layered":[136],"data":[138],"regarded":[140],"as":[141],"reference.":[143],"Comparison":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146,214,276],"that":[147],"five":[152],"has":[157],"an":[158],"obvious":[159],"geographical":[160,282],"distribution":[161],"decreases":[163],"along":[164],"with":[165,231,239,271,286],"increasing":[166],"altitude":[167],"latitude,":[169],"respectively.":[170,194],"average":[172],"root":[173],"square":[175],"(RMS)":[176],"Bias":[178],"GPT3,":[182],"CTm,":[183,209],"GTm-H":[184,210,256],"GTrop":[186,212,267,287,298],"4.2/3.7/3.4/3.6/3.3":[189],"K":[190],"0.7/\u22121.0/0.7/\u22120.1/0.3":[192],"K,":[193],"Among":[195],"Linear":[198,246],"GPT3":[200,248],"lower":[203,235],"high-altitude":[206],"regions,":[207],"whereas":[208,255],"better":[215,292],"stability":[218],"throughout":[219],"whole":[221],"China.":[222,309],"These":[223,274],"generally":[225],"higher":[227],"regions":[230,238,270,283],"low":[232],"latitude":[233],"middle":[240],"high":[242,272],"latitudes.":[243],"In":[244],"addition,":[245],"poor":[251],"general,":[254],"CTm":[258],"obviously":[261],"less":[262],"accurate":[263],"stable":[265],"than":[266],"latitude.":[273],"different":[277],"accuracies":[278],"across":[279],"four":[281],"demonstrating":[289],"relatively":[291],"stability.":[295],"Therefore,":[296],"recommended":[301],"obtain":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}