{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285012323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143311","title":"A New Method for Estimating Soil Fertility Using Extreme Gradient Boosting and a Backpropagation Neural Network","display_name":"A New Method for Estimating Soil Fertility Using Extreme Gradient Boosting and a Backpropagation Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285012323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3311/pdf?version=1657614156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3311/pdf?version=1657614156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101656298","display_name":"Yiping Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4892-9698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420215","display_name":"Zhenhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","Key Laboratory of Construction Land Transformation, Ministry of Land and Resources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Construction Land Transformation, Ministry of Land and Resources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102483612","display_name":"Chenjie Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenjie Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063530068","display_name":"Yueming Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-5987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162962","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4fn38","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yueming Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","Key Laboratory of Construction Land Transformation, Ministry of Land and Resources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Construction Land Transformation, Ministry of Land and Resources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449610","display_name":"Zhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-965X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162962","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4fn38","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065415375","display_name":"Runyan Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162962","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4fn38","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runyan Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102195986","display_name":"Ya Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3636-9959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031666815","display_name":"Xiaoyun Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-0301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyun Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063530068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585","https://openalex.org/I20942203","https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210162962"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88112916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"14","first_page":"3311","last_page":"3311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"Soil fertility","score":0.6341712474822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5971647500991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.5577985048294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5526238679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility","display_name":"Fertility","score":0.5124037861824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-determination","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","score":0.4262975752353668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield","display_name":"Crop yield","score":0.42299941182136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4070822596549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3687739074230194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.31612080335617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.30936920642852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.2406499683856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22382590174674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.15838423371315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.13336792588233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08213931322097778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.6341712474822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5971647500991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.5577985048294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5526238679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.5124037861824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.4262975752353668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.42299941182136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4070822596549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3687739074230194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.31612080335617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30936920642852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.2406499683856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22382590174674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.15838423371315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.13336792588233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08213931322097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3311/pdf?version=1657614156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fe7cfe1f2064d04b39099f8f56efc2e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fe7cfe1f2064d04b39099f8f56efc2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 14, p 3311 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/14/3311/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3311/pdf?version=1657614156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2191116917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. U1901601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2470495484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51501164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2741803734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1901601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5171210712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011643","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G521767068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022KJ102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7181367300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFD1100204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7667565027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1901601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8820651527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011643","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285012323.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285012323.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1964503221","https://openalex.org/W1975642003","https://openalex.org/W1976684871","https://openalex.org/W1995029758","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2006348173","https://openalex.org/W2011010318","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2039604550","https://openalex.org/W2056352756","https://openalex.org/W2058312673","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2069666623","https://openalex.org/W2077707413","https://openalex.org/W2086816866","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2107053554","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2128438912","https://openalex.org/W2137356002","https://openalex.org/W2145669224","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2274117189","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2347621159","https://openalex.org/W2376137126","https://openalex.org/W2603028033","https://openalex.org/W2611723614","https://openalex.org/W2915777673","https://openalex.org/W2978789560","https://openalex.org/W2981685989","https://openalex.org/W2989423654","https://openalex.org/W2990383350","https://openalex.org/W3021214982","https://openalex.org/W3037727083","https://openalex.org/W3134641028","https://openalex.org/W3153519846","https://openalex.org/W3185681737","https://openalex.org/W3213173881","https://openalex.org/W3213515687","https://openalex.org/W4214814489","https://openalex.org/W4383117997","https://openalex.org/W6648899668","https://openalex.org/W6666487912","https://openalex.org/W6737340224","https://openalex.org/W6854582783","https://openalex.org/W7071864197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383721055","https://openalex.org/W2755828367","https://openalex.org/W2659933339","https://openalex.org/W2364784002","https://openalex.org/W2909099826","https://openalex.org/W4214620440","https://openalex.org/W4309845446","https://openalex.org/W3212595790","https://openalex.org/W3194565370","https://openalex.org/W4307238966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"fertility":[1,13,27,113,206,222,257],"affects":[2],"crop":[3,30,50,75,140,210],"yield":[4],"and":[5,160,190,207,232,240],"quality.":[6],"A":[7,199],"quick,":[8],"accurate":[9],"evaluation":[10,22,43],"of":[11,44,58,125,132,180,188,197,230,235,255],"soil":[12,26,45,102,112,181,205,221,256],"is":[14,250],"crucial":[15],"for":[16,84,220,237,252],"agricultural":[17],"production.":[18],"Few":[19],"satellite":[20],"image-based":[21],"studies":[23],"have":[24],"quantified":[25],"during":[28],"the":[29,41,48,56,73,79,85,88,94,111,122,166,184,208,218,238,247,253],"growth":[31],"period.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"this":[34],"study":[35,118,244],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,191],"new":[38],"approach":[39],"to":[40,100,109],"quantitative":[42],"fertility.":[46,103],"Firstly,":[47],"optimal":[49,74,167,175,209],"spectral":[51,76,141,211],"variables":[52,77,142,176],"were":[53,82,91,165],"selected":[54],"using":[55,93,114,224],"integration":[57],"an":[59,228,233],"extreme":[60],"gradient":[61],"boosting":[62],"(XGBoost)":[63],"algorithm":[64,99],"with":[65,174,183,227],"variance":[66],"inflation":[67],"factor":[68],"(VIF).":[69],"Then,":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"where":[78],"red-edge":[80,144,157],"indices":[81],"introduced":[83],"first":[86],"time,":[87],"estimation":[89,254],"models":[90],"developed":[92],"backpropagation":[95],"neural":[96],"network":[97],"(BPNN)":[98],"assess":[101],"The":[104,130,170,214],"model":[105,172,216],"was":[106,119,202],"finally":[107],"adopted":[108],"map":[110],"Sentinel-2":[115,225],"imagery.":[116],"This":[117,243],"performed":[120],"in":[121,258],"Conghua":[123],"District":[124],"Guangzhou,":[126],"Guangdong":[127],"Province,":[128],"China.":[129],"results":[131],"our":[133],"research":[134],"are":[135],"as":[136],"follows:":[137],"(1)":[138],"five":[139],"(inverted":[143],"chlorophyll":[145,148],"index":[146,150,155,163],"(IRECI),":[147],"vegetation":[149],"(CVI),":[151],"normalized":[152],"green-red":[153],"difference":[154],"(NGRDI),":[156],"position":[158],"(REP),":[159],"triangular":[161],"greenness":[162],"(TGI))":[164],"variables.":[168,212],"(2)":[169],"BPNN":[171,215],"established":[173],"provided":[177],"reliable":[178],"estimates":[179],"fertility,":[182],"determination":[185],"coefficient":[186],"(R2)":[187],"0.66":[189],"root":[192],"mean":[193],"square":[194],"error":[195],"(RMSE)":[196],"0.17.":[198],"nonlinear":[200],"relation":[201],"found":[203],"between":[204],"(3)":[213],"provides":[217],"potential":[219],"mapping":[223],"images,":[226],"R2":[229],"0.62":[231],"RMSE":[234],"0.09":[236],"measured":[239],"estimated":[241],"results.":[242],"suggests":[245],"that":[246],"proposed":[248],"method":[249],"suitable":[251],"paddy":[259],"fields.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}