{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286633571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143240","title":"YOLOD: A Target Detection Method for UAV Aerial Imagery","display_name":"YOLOD: A Target Detection Method for UAV Aerial Imagery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286633571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3240/pdf?version=1657080652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3240/pdf?version=1657080652","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034517419","display_name":"Xudong Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615576","display_name":"Yiquan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-8042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiquan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005817259","display_name":"Langyue Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langyue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101615576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.2771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9682586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"14","first_page":"3240","last_page":"3240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7782313823699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6642434597015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.6027995944023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5299025177955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.49994635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.4776762127876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4625268578529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.44489237666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43932095170021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4258705675601959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42023196816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3452553153038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34345248341560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09443265199661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0864102840423584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7782313823699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6642434597015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.6027995944023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5299025177955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.49994635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.4776762127876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4625268578529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.44489237666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43932095170021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4258705675601959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42023196816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3452553153038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34345248341560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09443265199661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0864102840423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3240/pdf?version=1657080652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b90404b3c954913a2e86a81a93f4b7c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b90404b3c954913a2e86a81a93f4b7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 14, p 3240 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/14/3240/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 14; Pages: 3240","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14143240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3240/pdf?version=1657080652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2744459430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1608462934","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2176924101","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2276051145","https://openalex.org/W2314029052","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2605995529","https://openalex.org/W2606788270","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2774291319","https://openalex.org/W2859048627","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2924574544","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963604034","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2966738270","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3031227608","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3039926407","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3095320185","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3098722327","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3105196683","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3118257828","https://openalex.org/W3118436417","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3133663968","https://openalex.org/W3161383968","https://openalex.org/W3165277223","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6762585180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4376620596","https://openalex.org/W3177249605","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Target":[0],"detection":[1,55,86,209],"based":[2,175],"on":[3,176],"unmanned":[4],"aerial":[5,25,62,89,178],"vehicle":[6],"(UAV)":[7],"images":[8,26],"has":[9,207],"increasingly":[10],"become":[11],"a":[12,29,151,171,193],"hot":[13],"topic":[14],"with":[15,150,218],"the":[16,40,52,67,75,79,94,97,106,110,117,124,137,140,142,156,159,184,202,214,219],"rapid":[17],"development":[18],"of":[19,32,47,66,96,158,173,195],"UAVs":[20],"and":[21,35,44,109,188,229],"related":[22],"technologies.":[23],"UAV":[24,61,88,177],"often":[27],"feature":[28],"large":[30],"number":[31],"small":[33],"targets":[34],"complex":[36],"backgrounds":[37],"due":[38],"to":[39,74,93,136],"UAV\u2019s":[41],"flying":[42],"height":[43],"shooting":[45],"angle":[46],"view.":[48],"These":[49],"characteristics":[50,95],"make":[51],"advanced":[53],"YOLOv4":[54,73,212],"method":[56,81,204],"lack":[57],"outstanding":[58],"performance":[59,210],"in":[60,87,105],"images.":[63,90],"In":[64,169],"light":[65],"aforementioned":[68,215],"problems,":[69],"this":[70],"study":[71],"adjusted":[72],"image\u2019s":[76],"characteristics,":[77],"making":[78],"improved":[80,225],"more":[82],"suitable":[83],"for":[84,116,213],"target":[85],"Specifically,":[91],"according":[92],"activation":[98,101],"function,":[99],"different":[100],"functions":[102],"were":[103,134,167],"used":[104],"shallow":[107],"network":[108],"deep":[111],"network,":[112],"respectively.":[113,231],"The":[114,197],"loss":[115,126],"bounding":[118],"box":[119],"regression":[120],"was":[121,148,180],"computed":[122],"using":[123],"EIOU":[125],"function.":[127],"Improved":[128],"Efficient":[129],"Channel":[130],"Attention":[131],"(IECA)":[132],"modules":[133,166],"added":[135],"backbone.":[138],"At":[139,155],"neck,":[141],"Spatial":[143,162],"Pyramid":[144],"Pooling":[145],"(SPP)":[146],"module":[147],"replaced":[149],"pyramid":[152],"pooling":[153],"module.":[154],"end":[157],"model,":[160],"Adaptive":[161],"Feature":[163],"Fusion":[164],"(ASFF)":[165],"added.":[168],"addition,":[170],"dataset":[172],"forklifts":[174],"imagery":[179],"also":[181],"established.":[182],"On":[183],"PASCAL":[185],"VOC,":[186],"VEDAI,":[187],"forklift":[189],"datasets,":[190,217],"we":[191],"ran":[192],"series":[194],"experiments.":[196],"experimental":[198],"results":[199],"reveal":[200],"that":[201],"proposed":[203],"(YOLO-DRONE,":[205],"YOLOD)":[206],"better":[208],"than":[211],"three":[216],"mean":[220],"average":[221],"precision":[222],"(mAP)":[223],"being":[224],"by":[226],"3.06%,":[227],"3.75%,":[228],"1.42%,":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}