{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283583171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133066","title":"Herbage Mass, N Concentration, and N Uptake of Temperate Grasslands Can Adequately Be Estimated from UAV-Based Image Data Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Herbage Mass, N Concentration, and N Uptake of Temperate Grasslands Can Adequately Be Estimated from UAV-Based Image Data Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283583171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14133066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3066/pdf?version=1656405543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3066/pdf?version=1656405543","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061612363","display_name":"Ulrike Lussem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ulrike Lussem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013115652","display_name":"Andreas Bolten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-9705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bolten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016453937","display_name":"Ireneusz Kleppert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ireneusz Kleppert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109577902","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Jasper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144380","display_name":"Yara (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039hegs97","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144380","https://openalex.org/I67171562"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rg Jasper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center Hanninghof, Yara International ASA, 48249 D\u00fclmen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center Hanninghof, Yara International ASA, 48249 D\u00fclmen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065166470","display_name":"Martin L. Gnyp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144380","display_name":"Yara (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039hegs97","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144380","https://openalex.org/I67171562"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Leon Gnyp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center Hanninghof, Yara International ASA, 48249 D\u00fclmen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center Hanninghof, Yara International ASA, 48249 D\u00fclmen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000605706","display_name":"J. Schellberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Schellberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRES\u2014Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRES\u2014Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019648655","display_name":"Georg Bareth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-8655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Bareth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061612363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2046,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2206},"fwci":4.5835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94855904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"13","first_page":"3066","last_page":"3066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6509101390838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.6079018712043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-climate","display_name":"Temperate climate","score":0.5899145603179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5701509118080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.538718044757843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5131102800369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.49744799733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4402027428150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.42523109912872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3678455948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34431836009025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3413633406162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.31775224208831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3139680027961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.28174710273742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24358302354812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14230242371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12047266960144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6509101390838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.6079018712043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167466","display_name":"Temperate climate","level":2,"score":0.5899145603179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5701509118080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.538718044757843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5131102800369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.49744799733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4402027428150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.42523109912872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3678455948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34431836009025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3413633406162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.31775224208831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3139680027961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28174710273742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24358302354812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14230242371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12047266960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14133066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3066/pdf?version=1656405543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:USBKOELN.ub.uni-koeln.de:67021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400371","display_name":"K\u00f6lner Universit\u00e4ts PublikationsServer (Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115942","host_organization_name":"Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:USBKOELN.ub.uni-koeln.de:75573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1997>,","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55eb13928cc94f91ad49669f445f513f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55eb13928cc94f91ad49669f445f513f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 13, p 3066 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/13/3066/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14133066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3066/pdf?version=1656405543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283583171.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283583171.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648472414","https://openalex.org/W1585754780","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1900944452","https://openalex.org/W1964357740","https://openalex.org/W1966271002","https://openalex.org/W1972835639","https://openalex.org/W1973166636","https://openalex.org/W1973547044","https://openalex.org/W1974820932","https://openalex.org/W1983221386","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2000613913","https://openalex.org/W2004637201","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2019967662","https://openalex.org/W2021070812","https://openalex.org/W2022591200","https://openalex.org/W2025967407","https://openalex.org/W2028844900","https://openalex.org/W2029567272","https://openalex.org/W2033521227","https://openalex.org/W2038685401","https://openalex.org/W2038782607","https://openalex.org/W2039604550","https://openalex.org/W2046404820","https://openalex.org/W2052700773","https://openalex.org/W2057505394","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2064690970","https://openalex.org/W2073503722","https://openalex.org/W2081728108","https://openalex.org/W2084170803","https://openalex.org/W2086274335","https://openalex.org/W2086314176","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2089464686","https://openalex.org/W2102630498","https://openalex.org/W2113283209","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2115615525","https://openalex.org/W2116409775","https://openalex.org/W2134247889","https://openalex.org/W2139925058","https://openalex.org/W2140959043","https://openalex.org/W2156182980","https://openalex.org/W2157963336","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2162842531","https://openalex.org/W2165796970","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2167594433","https://openalex.org/W2192020007","https://openalex.org/W2252301886","https://openalex.org/W2252976504","https://openalex.org/W2255632431","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2313063557","https://openalex.org/W2413910992","https://openalex.org/W2475771298","https://openalex.org/W2510513348","https://openalex.org/W2592396907","https://openalex.org/W2620896114","https://openalex.org/W2620926834","https://openalex.org/W2620983911","https://openalex.org/W2741850261","https://openalex.org/W2751223463","https://openalex.org/W2790010046","https://openalex.org/W2794916302","https://openalex.org/W2797928606","https://openalex.org/W2803775013","https://openalex.org/W2805696215","https://openalex.org/W2837916766","https://openalex.org/W2843415492","https://openalex.org/W2889489537","https://openalex.org/W2898039066","https://openalex.org/W2900440931","https://openalex.org/W2904027073","https://openalex.org/W2911730714","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914799819","https://openalex.org/W2918003274","https://openalex.org/W2919781516","https://openalex.org/W2939270974","https://openalex.org/W2954454425","https://openalex.org/W2964851751","https://openalex.org/W2974983923","https://openalex.org/W2979531829","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W2998236111","https://openalex.org/W2998700878","https://openalex.org/W3010955769","https://openalex.org/W3011105383","https://openalex.org/W3024674663","https://openalex.org/W3036051036","https://openalex.org/W3037097725","https://openalex.org/W3037368822","https://openalex.org/W3082083081","https://openalex.org/W3091942970","https://openalex.org/W3097374991","https://openalex.org/W3098190476","https://openalex.org/W3099802519","https://openalex.org/W3125113274","https://openalex.org/W3128066367","https://openalex.org/W3136331220","https://openalex.org/W3158385316","https://openalex.org/W3175656706","https://openalex.org/W3196677062","https://openalex.org/W4200472214","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6657525283","https://openalex.org/W6666487912","https://openalex.org/W6677249723","https://openalex.org/W6756205384","https://openalex.org/W6782566722","https://openalex.org/W6784731515","https://openalex.org/W6790422098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048488252","https://openalex.org/W4288365262","https://openalex.org/W2940614149","https://openalex.org/W4289884158","https://openalex.org/W2429686810","https://openalex.org/W2787485953","https://openalex.org/W3217432596","https://openalex.org/W2005543050","https://openalex.org/W2371059786","https://openalex.org/W2065909067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precise":[0],"and":[1,7,41,66,103,122,137,149,158,168,172,199,217,240,263],"timely":[2,35],"information":[3],"on":[4,23,37,85,270],"biomass":[5,121],"yield":[6,61],"nitrogen":[8,63],"uptake":[9,67],"in":[10,108,119,127],"intensively":[11],"managed":[12],"grasslands":[13,71,126],"are":[14,202],"essential":[15],"for":[16],"sustainable":[17],"management":[18,132],"decisions.":[19],"Imaging":[20],"sensors":[21],"mounted":[22],"unmanned":[24],"aerial":[25],"vehicles":[26],"(UAVs)":[27],"along":[28],"with":[29,43,130,157,225,234,242],"photogrammetric":[30],"structure-from-motion":[31],"processing":[32],"can":[33],"provide":[34],"data":[36,75],"crop":[38],"traits":[39],"rapidly":[40],"non-destructively":[42],"a":[44,86,112,160,181,190,226,235,243],"high":[45],"spatial":[46],"resolution.":[47],"The":[48,81,94,187,208],"aim":[49],"of":[50,69,115,125,162,193,205,229,238,246],"this":[51],"multi-temporal":[52],"field":[53],"study":[54,82],"is":[55,83],"to":[56,276],"estimate":[57],"aboveground":[58],"dry":[59],"matter":[60],"(DMY),":[62],"concentration":[64],"(N%)":[65],"(Nup)":[68],"temperate":[70,128],"from":[72,89],"UAV-based":[73],"image":[74],"using":[76,180],"machine":[77,147],"learning":[78],"(ML)":[79],"algorithms.":[80],"based":[84,269],"two-year":[87],"dataset":[88],"an":[90],"experimental":[91,95],"grassland":[92],"trial.":[93],"setup":[96],"regarding":[97],"climate":[98],"conditions,":[99],"N":[100,123],"fertilizer":[101],"treatments":[102],"slope":[104],"yielded":[105],"substantial":[106],"variations":[107],"the":[109,120,206,258,277],"dataset,":[110],"covering":[111],"considerable":[113],"amount":[114],"naturally":[116],"occurring":[117],"differences":[118],"status":[124],"regions":[129],"similar":[131],"strategies.":[133],"Linear":[134],"regression":[135,154],"models":[136,210,254],"three":[138],"ML":[139],"algorithms,":[140],"namely,":[141],"random":[142],"forest":[143],"(RF),":[144],"support":[145],"vector":[146],"(SVM),":[148],"partial":[150],"least":[151],"squares":[152],"(PLS)":[153],"were":[155,211],"compared":[156],"without":[159],"combination":[161],"both":[163],"structural":[164,198],"(sward":[165],"height;":[166],"SH)":[167],"spectral":[169,200],"(vegetation":[170],"indices":[171],"single":[173,259],"bands)":[174],"features.":[175],"Prediction":[176],"accuracy":[177,195],"was":[178,223],"quantified":[179],"10-fold":[182],"5-repeat":[183],"cross-validation":[184],"(CV)":[185],"procedure.":[186],"results":[188,275],"show":[189],"significant":[191],"improvement":[192],"prediction":[194],"when":[196],"all":[197],"features":[201,268],"combined,":[203],"regardless":[204],"algorithm.":[207],"PLS":[209],"outperformed":[212],"by":[213],"their":[214],"respective":[215],"RF":[216],"SVM":[218],"counterparts.":[219],"At":[220],"best,":[221],"DMY":[222],"predicted":[224],"median":[227,236,244],"RMSECV":[228,237,245],"197":[230],"kg":[231,248],"ha\u22121,":[232],"N%":[233],"0.32%,":[239],"Nup":[241],"7":[247],"ha\u22121.":[249],"Furthermore,":[250],"computationally":[251],"less":[252],"expensive":[253],"incorporating,":[255],"e.g.,":[256],"only":[257],"multispectral":[260],"camera":[261],"bands":[262],"SH":[264],"metrics,":[265],"or":[266],"selected":[267],"variable":[271],"importance":[272],"achieved":[273],"comparable":[274],"overall":[278],"best":[279],"models.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}