{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283575335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133028","title":"Performance of Multi-GNSS in the Asia-Pacific Region: Signal Quality, Broadcast Ephemeris and Precise Point Positioning (PPP)","display_name":"Performance of Multi-GNSS in the Asia-Pacific Region: Signal Quality, Broadcast Ephemeris and Precise Point Positioning (PPP)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283575335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14133028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3028/pdf?version=1656062391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3028/pdf?version=1656062391","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415408","display_name":"Mengyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2549-1781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101519128","display_name":"Guanwen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-5885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guanwen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350825","display_name":"Le Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6316-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061698942","display_name":"Wei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6817-198X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110803391","display_name":"Fan Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101519128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.0981,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94945825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"13","first_page":"3028","last_page":"3028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-zenith-satellite-system","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","score":0.8551613092422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeris","display_name":"Ephemeris","score":0.7660000324249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7642248272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glonass","display_name":"GLONASS","score":0.7255014181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.645104169845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.5462242960929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.5280077457427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5106597542762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.4852983355522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4744970500469208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4467848539352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.44430458545684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.44289273023605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.39213496446609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3594054579734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22376146912574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10149553418159485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68477667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862327","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","level":5,"score":0.8551613092422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64828349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120200","display_name":"Ephemeris","level":3,"score":0.7660000324249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7642248272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102451475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486250","display_name":"GLONASS","level":4,"score":0.7255014181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.645104169845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.5462242960929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.5280077457427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5106597542762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4852983355522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4744970500469208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4467848539352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.44430458545684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.44289273023605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.39213496446609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3594054579734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22376146912574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10149553418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14133028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3028/pdf?version=1656062391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd156aa312f5459fa6435582124ff73e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd156aa312f5459fa6435582124ff73e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 13, p 3028 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/13/3028/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 13; Pages: 3028","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14133028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3028/pdf?version=1656062391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1915253765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42127802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321525","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283575335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283575335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580547381","https://openalex.org/W1813537582","https://openalex.org/W1845878520","https://openalex.org/W1973974815","https://openalex.org/W2003833234","https://openalex.org/W2009964459","https://openalex.org/W2025626286","https://openalex.org/W2026221531","https://openalex.org/W2063085808","https://openalex.org/W2084389047","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2607422644","https://openalex.org/W2781917270","https://openalex.org/W2793196615","https://openalex.org/W2793945859","https://openalex.org/W2794319631","https://openalex.org/W2799580356","https://openalex.org/W2899390859","https://openalex.org/W2908506383","https://openalex.org/W2914822729","https://openalex.org/W2989696903","https://openalex.org/W2990415772","https://openalex.org/W2996241337","https://openalex.org/W3000249159","https://openalex.org/W3003033525","https://openalex.org/W3003263134","https://openalex.org/W3010431729","https://openalex.org/W3021639060","https://openalex.org/W3035466976","https://openalex.org/W3037602457","https://openalex.org/W3047470666","https://openalex.org/W3107003577","https://openalex.org/W3129021483","https://openalex.org/W3131005407","https://openalex.org/W3164961902","https://openalex.org/W3195410025","https://openalex.org/W4200609687","https://openalex.org/W4207037872","https://openalex.org/W4220765763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341723018","https://openalex.org/W2979304675","https://openalex.org/W4250162912","https://openalex.org/W4210490263","https://openalex.org/W1551846473","https://openalex.org/W4389666849","https://openalex.org/W2125526179","https://openalex.org/W2109031543","https://openalex.org/W1568819690","https://openalex.org/W2964848716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"BeiDou":[1],"Navigation":[2,49],"Satellite":[3,9,50],"System":[4,10,26,51],"(BDS)":[5],"and":[6,20,33,76,108,125,133,135,143,157,182,212,224,253,260,274,293,301,314,328,337,347,352,361,367,378,385],"Japan\u2019s":[7],"Quasi-Zenith":[8],"(QZSS)":[11],"have":[12,214],"more":[13],"visible":[14],"satellites":[15,22],"in":[16,53,94,281,381],"the":[17,43,54,59,65,89,95,117,123,128,138,179,183,195,235,242,269,278,282,311,320,344,370,382],"Asia-Pacific":[18,55,96],"region,":[19],"navigation":[21,30,36],"of":[23,46,68,92,101,122,171,201,208,217,272,284,317,326,335,341,350,359],"Global":[24,48],"Positioning":[25],"(GPS),":[27],"Galileo":[28,126,155,233,275,368],"satellite":[29,35],"system":[31,37,156],"(Galileo),":[32],"GLONASS":[34,213,240,366],"(GLONASS)":[38],"are":[39,255,277,354],"uniformly":[40],"distributed":[41],"globally,":[42],"service":[44,61,90],"level":[45],"multi-mode":[47],"(GNSS)":[52],"region":[56,97],"should":[57],"represent":[58],"best":[60,180,236,321],"capability.":[62],"Based":[63],"on":[64],"observation":[66,102],"data":[67,103],"10":[69],"Multi-GNSS":[70],"Experiment":[71],"(MGEX)":[72],"stations,":[73],"broadcast":[74,105,172,176,205,229],"ephemeris":[75,78,106,173,177,206,230],"precision":[77,109],"from":[79,98,149,163],"13":[80],"to":[81,151,165,365],"19":[82],"October":[83],"2021,":[84],"this":[85],"paper":[86],"comprehensively":[87],"evaluated":[88],"capability":[91],"multi-GNSS":[93],"three":[99],"aspects":[100],"quality,":[104],"performance,":[107,237],"positioning":[110,306,315,324,348],"level.":[111],"The":[112,204,323],"results":[113,271],"show":[114,319],"that:":[115],"(1)":[116],"carrier-to-noise-density":[118],"ratio":[119],"(C/N0)":[120],"quality":[121],"GPS":[124,273,318,336,360],"is":[127,137,190,241,247,330],"best,":[129,279],"followed":[130,288],"by":[131,289],"BDS":[132],"GLONASS,":[134,142,298],"QZSS":[136,144],"worst.":[139],"GPS,":[140,209,250,296],"BDS-2,":[141],"pseudorange":[145,159],"multipath":[146,160],"values":[147,161],"range":[148,162,283],"0":[150,164,285],"0.6":[152],"m,":[153,219,221,223,226,287],"while":[154],"BDS-3":[158,175,252],"0.8":[166],"m.":[167,203],"(2)":[168],"In":[169,308,339,363],"terms":[170,340],"accuracy,":[174],"has":[178,234],"orbit,":[181],"three-dimensional":[184],"(3D)":[185],"Root":[186],"Mean":[187],"Square":[188],"(RMS)":[189],"0.21":[191],"m;":[192],"BDS-2":[193,254],"was":[194],"worst,":[196,243],"with":[197,333,357],"a":[198],"3D":[199,215],"RMS":[200,216],"1.99":[202],"orbits":[207],"Galileo,":[210,292,299],"QZSS,":[211,251,290],"0.60":[218],"0.62":[220],"0.83":[222],"1.27":[225],"respectively.":[227,263],"For":[228,264],"clock":[231],"offset:":[232],"0.61":[238],"ns,":[239,249,257,259,262],"standard":[244],"deviation":[245],"(STD)":[246],"3.10":[248],"0.65":[256],"0.75":[258],"1.72":[261],"signal-in-space":[265],"ranging":[266],"errors":[267],"(SISRE),":[268],"SISRE":[270],"systems":[276],"fluctuating":[280],"m\u20132":[286],"BDS-3,":[291],"BDS-2.":[294],"(3)":[295],"BDS,":[297],"GPS/QZSS,":[300],"BDS/QZSS":[302,329,353],"were":[303],"used":[304],"for":[305],"experiments.":[307],"static":[309],"PPP,":[310,343],"convergence":[312,345],"time":[313,346],"accuracy":[316,325,349],"performance.":[322],"GPS/QZSS":[327,351],"improved":[331,355],"compared":[332,356],"that":[334,358],"BDS.":[338,362],"kinematic":[342],"addition":[364],"systems,":[369],"other":[371],"combinations":[372],"outperformed":[373],"3":[374,376],"cm,":[375,377],"5":[379],"cm":[380],"east,":[383],"north,":[384],"up":[386],"directions.":[387]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-06-28T00:00:00"}
