{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283168768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122925","title":"Attention-Unet-Based Near-Real-Time Precipitation Estimation from Fengyun-4A Satellite Imageries","display_name":"Attention-Unet-Based Near-Real-Time Precipitation Estimation from Fengyun-4A Satellite Imageries","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283168768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2925/pdf?version=1655782629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2925/pdf?version=1655782629","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110537313","display_name":"Yanbo Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067952373","display_name":"Jiping Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0038-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiping Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018388843","display_name":"Fuhan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695468","display_name":"Xiaodong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-5967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100860733","display_name":"Zhiyong Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115695468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.5603,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97077163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"2925","last_page":"2925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.7068226337432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6091570854187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5994302034378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-estimation","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","score":0.588577389717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5197358131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4877939522266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-forecast","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","score":0.468616783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.41372326016426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2942739725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23462650179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1926688253879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1085752546787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08321470022201538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.7068226337432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6091570854187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5994302034378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75398719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268938","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","level":3,"score":0.588577389717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5197358131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4877939522266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140178040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18402512","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","level":3,"score":0.468616783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.41372326016426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2942739725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23462650179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1926688253879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1085752546787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08321470022201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2925/pdf?version=1655782629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e04a9f333fd4e798fbc5fa0eb0329f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e04a9f333fd4e798fbc5fa0eb0329f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 2925 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/12/2925/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 2925","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2925/pdf?version=1655782629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2917424379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41975066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4916231479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZK21-46","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G744843236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42005053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283168768.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283168768.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1652191876","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1965295327","https://openalex.org/W1970538633","https://openalex.org/W1970966350","https://openalex.org/W2038531849","https://openalex.org/W2054981061","https://openalex.org/W2078246482","https://openalex.org/W2097943901","https://openalex.org/W2099969340","https://openalex.org/W2101394945","https://openalex.org/W2104322269","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2114643713","https://openalex.org/W2120728555","https://openalex.org/W2130426124","https://openalex.org/W2139347645","https://openalex.org/W2142854301","https://openalex.org/W2143263634","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2154610488","https://openalex.org/W2159810147","https://openalex.org/W2176796287","https://openalex.org/W2176956584","https://openalex.org/W2191985424","https://openalex.org/W2285890467","https://openalex.org/W2520352643","https://openalex.org/W2590366910","https://openalex.org/W2773928770","https://openalex.org/W2784731895","https://openalex.org/W2809449387","https://openalex.org/W2898796705","https://openalex.org/W2974510043","https://openalex.org/W2977666392","https://openalex.org/W3023506241","https://openalex.org/W6726377065","https://openalex.org/W6750469568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353410199","https://openalex.org/W2382614056","https://openalex.org/W3028635526","https://openalex.org/W4382982879","https://openalex.org/W2974336646","https://openalex.org/W3200962187","https://openalex.org/W4322208442","https://openalex.org/W3011979407","https://openalex.org/W2489793597","https://openalex.org/W4385380152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"near-real-time":[1,88],"precipitation":[2,20,23,29,51,73,90,102,141,144,153,180,189,192,211,234],"estimation":[3,30,212],"is":[4,34],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,50],"scientific":[7],"research":[8],"and":[9,60,92,122,131,143,165,182,191,208],"resistance":[10],"to":[11,68,98,136,155,202,228],"natural":[12],"disasters":[13],"such":[14,108],"as":[15,109,204],"floods.":[16],"Compared":[17],"with":[18,86],"ground-based":[19],"measurements,":[21],"satellite-based":[22,89,210,233],"measurements":[24],"have":[25],"great":[26],"advantages,":[27],"but":[28],"based":[31],"on":[32],"satellite":[33,67],"still":[35],"a":[36,44,205],"challenging":[37],"issue.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,83,149],"propose":[43],"deep":[45,93,184,221],"learning":[46,94,185,222],"model":[47,54,174,198],"named":[48],"Attention-Unet":[49],"estimation.":[52,74,103,194],"The":[53],"utilizes":[55],"the":[56,65,70,77,80,138,157,168,172,196,200,230],"high":[57],"temporal,":[58],"spatial":[59],"spectral":[61],"resolution":[62],"data":[63],"of":[64,72,79,111,140,160,167,232],"FY4A":[66],"improve":[69,229],"accuracy":[71],"To":[75],"evaluate":[76,137],"effectiveness":[78],"proposed":[81,162,173,197],"model,":[82],"compare":[84],"it":[85],"operational":[87,179],"products":[91,181],"models":[95,186],"which":[96],"proved":[97],"be":[99],"effective":[100],"in":[101,187],"We":[104],"use":[105],"classification":[106],"metrics":[107,124],"Probability":[110],"detection":[112],"(POD),":[113],"False":[114],"Alarm":[115],"Ratio":[116],"(FAR),":[117],"Critical":[118],"success":[119],"index":[120],"(CSI),":[121],"regression":[123],"including":[125],"Root":[126],"Mean":[127],"Square":[128],"Error":[129],"(RMSE)":[130],"Pearson":[132],"correlation":[133],"coefficient":[134],"(CC)":[135],"performance":[139,177],"identification":[142,190],"amounts":[145,193],"estimation,":[146],"respectively.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"select":[150],"an":[151,219,226],"extreme":[152],"event":[154],"validate":[156],"generalization":[158],"ability":[159],"our":[161],"model.":[163],"Statistics":[164],"visualizations":[166],"experimental":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"has":[175,199],"better":[176],"than":[178],"baseline":[183],"both":[188],"Therefore,":[195],"potential":[201],"serve":[203],"more":[206],"accurate":[207],"reliable":[209],"product.":[213],"This":[214],"study":[215],"suggests":[216],"that":[217],"applying":[218],"appropriate":[220],"algorithm":[223],"may":[224],"provide":[225],"opportunity":[227],"quality":[231],"products.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
