{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282579220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122787","title":"Individual Tree Segmentation and Tree Height Estimation Using Leaf-Off and Leaf-On UAV-LiDAR Data in Dense Deciduous Forests","display_name":"Individual Tree Segmentation and Tree Height Estimation Using Leaf-Off and Leaf-On UAV-LiDAR Data in Dense Deciduous Forests","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282579220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122787","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2787/pdf?version=1655134756","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2787/pdf?version=1655134756","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055545427","display_name":"Qingda Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-8958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingda Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110918324","display_name":"Tian Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-4780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052481191","display_name":"Jiaojun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaojun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057923708","display_name":"Fayun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922330","display_name":"Xiufen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135836153","display_name":"Shenyang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n7x9n08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135836153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiufen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135836153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022501649","display_name":"Deliang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deliang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024086091","display_name":"Fengyuan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengyuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110024","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052481191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.9336,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96486118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"2787","last_page":"2787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.691129207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deciduous","display_name":"Deciduous","score":0.6283236742019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6041186451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5731248259544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5518996715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4877208173274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4667753279209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.3425000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31463223695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2699528932571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22384199500083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14510804414749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13424146175384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09036970138549805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.691129207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33283694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131316","display_name":"Deciduous","level":2,"score":0.6283236742019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6041186451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5731248259544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5518996715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4877208173274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4667753279209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3425000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31463223695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2699528932571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22384199500083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14510804414749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13424146175384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09036970138549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122787","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2787/pdf?version=1655134756","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:baaf61b66d8d44baa316b284b51a4894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/baaf61b66d8d44baa316b284b51a4894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 2787 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/12/2787/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 2787","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122787","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2787/pdf?version=1655134756","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2206396492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAS-WX2021PY-0108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2393383002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31870533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4936490774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LC-1-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6516293996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7165048284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8454806576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32192435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324721","display_name":"National Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282579220.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282579220.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1584308190","https://openalex.org/W1970437612","https://openalex.org/W1983763063","https://openalex.org/W1996702045","https://openalex.org/W2000552749","https://openalex.org/W2006264326","https://openalex.org/W2019226206","https://openalex.org/W2025083847","https://openalex.org/W2028400108","https://openalex.org/W2065030504","https://openalex.org/W2065258204","https://openalex.org/W2069975764","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2087667361","https://openalex.org/W2090445489","https://openalex.org/W2091782809","https://openalex.org/W2109850379","https://openalex.org/W2116674621","https://openalex.org/W2124308851","https://openalex.org/W2127354426","https://openalex.org/W2128147491","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2133237420","https://openalex.org/W2143772210","https://openalex.org/W2147153167","https://openalex.org/W2161746820","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2268198656","https://openalex.org/W2324285853","https://openalex.org/W2325115425","https://openalex.org/W2502492540","https://openalex.org/W2541777388","https://openalex.org/W2591466624","https://openalex.org/W2591864944","https://openalex.org/W2759637474","https://openalex.org/W2879952616","https://openalex.org/W2885035168","https://openalex.org/W2891260110","https://openalex.org/W2911302732","https://openalex.org/W2930433608","https://openalex.org/W2936497219","https://openalex.org/W2947076729","https://openalex.org/W2952586513","https://openalex.org/W2990882407","https://openalex.org/W2992737141","https://openalex.org/W3006643597","https://openalex.org/W3008903831","https://openalex.org/W3011477772","https://openalex.org/W3020452040","https://openalex.org/W3036317501","https://openalex.org/W3207530016","https://openalex.org/W4206832755","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6646350468","https://openalex.org/W6678310039","https://openalex.org/W6681015176","https://openalex.org/W6694107112","https://openalex.org/W6724537168","https://openalex.org/W6754873415","https://openalex.org/W6770851722","https://openalex.org/W6803002974","https://openalex.org/W6807924249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491","https://openalex.org/W3108220082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"individual":[1,196],"tree":[2,30,45,56,92,182,208],"segmentation":[3,100,107,159,274],"(ITS)":[4],"is":[5],"fundamental":[6],"to":[7,11,63,84,172,215,254,260,283],"forest":[8,15,132,136,140,145,168],"management":[9],"and":[10,22,29,35,58,77,91,108,142,155,218,241],"the":[12,48,65,86,113,125,151,156,163,201,205,226,258,261,285],"studies":[13],"of":[14,99,117,153,192,207,263,287],"ecosystem.":[16],"Unmanned":[17],"Aerial":[18],"Vehicle":[19],"Light":[20],"Detection":[21],"Ranging":[23],"(UAV-LiDAR)":[24],"shows":[25],"advantages":[26],"for":[27,50,89,273],"ITS":[28,90],"height":[31,93,183,209],"estimation":[32,94,210],"at":[33,195,236,246],"stand":[34],"landscape":[36],"scale.":[37],"However,":[38],"dense":[39,114],"deciduous":[40,115],"forests":[41,116],"with":[42,185,199],"tightly":[43],"interlocked":[44],"crowns":[46],"challenge":[47],"performance":[49,180],"ITS.":[51],"Available":[52],"LiDAR":[53,292],"points":[54,256],"through":[55],"crown":[57],"appropriate":[59],"algorithm":[60,161],"are":[61,229,252,294],"expected":[62],"attack":[64],"problem.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"study,":[69],"a":[70,178,186],"new":[71],"UAV-LiDAR":[72],"dataset":[73,203],"that":[74,150],"fused":[75],"leaf-off":[76],"leaf-on":[78,202],"point":[79,105,270],"cloud":[80,106],"(FULD)":[81],"was":[82,122,211],"introduced":[83],"assess":[85],"synergetic":[87],"benefits":[88],"by":[95,213,225,232,242,275],"comparing":[96],"different":[97],"types":[98,169],"algorithms":[101],"(i.e.,":[102],"watershed":[103],"segmentation,":[104],"layer":[109,157,269],"stacking":[110,158],"segmentation)":[111],"in":[112,124,296],"Northeast":[118],"China.":[119],"Field":[120],"validation":[121],"conducted":[123],"four":[126],"typical":[127],"stands,":[128],"including":[129],"mixed":[130,138],"broadleaved":[131],"(MBF),":[133],"Mongolian":[134],"oak":[135],"(MOF),":[137],"broadleaf-conifer":[139],"(MBCF)":[141],"larch":[143],"plantation":[144],"(LPF).":[146],"The":[147,174,250],"results":[148],"showed":[149,177],"combination":[152],"FULD":[154,175,288],"(LSS)":[160],"produced":[162],"highest":[164],"accuracies":[165],"across":[166],"all":[167,238],"(F-score:":[170],"0.70":[171],"0.85).":[173],"also":[176],"better":[179],"on":[181],"estimation,":[184],"root":[187],"mean":[188],"square":[189],"error":[190],"(RMSE)":[191],"1.54":[193],"m":[194],"level.":[197],"Compared":[198],"using":[200],"solely,":[204],"RMSE":[206],"reduced":[212],"0.22":[214],"0.27":[216],"m,":[217],"12.3%":[219],"more":[220,290],"trees":[221],"were":[222],"correctly":[223],"segmented":[224],"FULD,":[227,264],"which":[228],"mainly":[230],"contributed":[231],"improved":[233,243],"detection":[234,244],"rate":[235],"nearly":[237],"DBH":[239,248],"levels":[240],"accuracy":[245],"low":[247],"levels.":[249],"improvements":[251],"attributed":[253],"abundant":[255],"from":[257],"bole":[259],"treetop":[262],"as":[265,267],"well":[266],"each":[268],"being":[271],"included":[272],"LSS":[276],"algorithm.":[277],"These":[278],"findings":[279],"provide":[280],"useful":[281],"insights":[282],"guide":[284],"application":[286],"when":[289],"multi-temporal":[291],"data":[293],"available":[295],"future.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
